diff --git a/src/BatchCommandDialog.cpp b/src/BatchCommandDialog.cpp
index 8c97e995a..2947903df 100644
--- a/src/BatchCommandDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/BatchCommandDialog.cpp
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ MacroCommandDialog::MacroCommandDialog(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id):
    wxDialogWrapper(parent, id, _("Select Command"),
             wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
             wxCAPTION | wxRESIZE_BORDER)
+   , mCatalog( GetActiveProject() )
 {
    SetLabel(_("Select Command"));         // Provide visual label
    SetName(_("Select Command"));          // Provide audible label
@@ -123,12 +124,11 @@ void MacroCommandDialog::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui &S)
 
 void MacroCommandDialog::PopulateCommandList()
 {
-   mCommandNames = MacroCommands::GetAllCommands();
-
    mChoices->DeleteAllItems();
-   for (size_t ii = 0, size = mCommandNames.size(); ii < size; ++ii)
+   long ii = 0;
+   for ( const auto &entry : mCatalog )
       // insert the user-facing string
-      mChoices->InsertItem( ii, std::get<0>( mCommandNames[ii] ) );
+      mChoices->InsertItem( ii++, entry.friendly /* .Translation() */ );
 }
 
 void MacroCommandDialog::ValidateChoices()
@@ -159,21 +159,21 @@ void MacroCommandDialog::OnHelp(wxCommandEvent & WXUNUSED(event))
 
 void MacroCommandDialog::OnItemSelected(wxListEvent &event)
 {
-   const auto &command = mCommandNames[ event.GetIndex() ];
+   const auto &command = mCatalog[ event.GetIndex() ];
 
    EffectManager & em = EffectManager::Get();
-   PluginID ID = em.GetEffectByIdentifier( std::get<1>( command ));
+   PluginID ID = em.GetEffectByIdentifier( command.internal );
 
    // If ID is empty, then the effect wasn't found, in which case, the user must have
    // selected one of the "special" commands.
    mEditParams->Enable(!ID.IsEmpty());
    mUsePreset->Enable(em.HasPresets(ID));
 
-   if (std::get<0>( command ) == mCommand->GetValue())
+   if ( command.friendly == mCommand->GetValue() )
       return;
 
-   mCommand->SetValue(std::get<0> (command));
-   mInternalCommandName = std::get<1>( command );
+   mCommand->SetValue(command.friendly);
+   mInternalCommandName = command.internal;
 
    wxString params = MacroCommands::GetCurrentParamsFor(mInternalCommandName);
    if (params.IsEmpty())
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ void MacroCommandDialog::OnItemSelected(wxListEvent &event)
 
    // Cryptic command and category.
    // Later we can put help information there, perhaps.
-   mDetails->SetValue( mInternalCommandName + "\r\n" + std::get<2>(command)  );
+   mDetails->SetValue( mInternalCommandName + "\r\n" + command.category  );
    mParameters->SetValue(params);
 }
 
@@ -211,19 +211,20 @@ void MacroCommandDialog::OnUsePreset(wxCommandEvent & WXUNUSED(event))
 
 void MacroCommandDialog::SetCommandAndParams(const wxString &Command, const wxString &Params)
 {
-   auto item = make_iterator_range(mCommandNames).index_if(
-      [&](const CommandName &name){ return Command == std::get<1>( name); }
-   );
+   auto iter = mCatalog.ByCommandId( Command );
 
    mParameters->SetValue( Params );
 
    mInternalCommandName = Command;
-   if (item < 0)
+   if (iter == mCatalog.end())
+      // Expose an internal name to the user in default of any friendly name
+      // -- AVOID THIS!
       mCommand->SetValue( Command );
    else {
-      mCommand->SetValue( std::get<0>( mCommandNames[item]) );
-      mDetails->SetValue( std::get<1>(mCommandNames[item]) + "\r\n" + std::get<2>(mCommandNames[item])  );
-      mChoices->SetItemState(item, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED);
+      mCommand->SetValue( iter->friendly /* .Translation() */ );
+      mDetails->SetValue( iter->internal + "\r\n" + iter->category  );
+      mChoices->SetItemState(iter - mCatalog.begin(),
+                             wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED);
 
       EffectManager & em = EffectManager::Get();
       PluginID ID = em.GetEffectByIdentifier(Command);
diff --git a/src/BatchCommandDialog.h b/src/BatchCommandDialog.h
index b111a02bf..815e77259 100644
--- a/src/BatchCommandDialog.h
+++ b/src/BatchCommandDialog.h
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #ifndef __AUDACITY_MACRO_COMMAND_DIALOG__
 #define __AUDACITY_MACRO_COMMAND_DIALOG__
 
-#include "MemoryX.h"
 #include <wx/defs.h>
 #include <wx/string.h>
 
@@ -26,6 +25,8 @@
 #include  <wx/menuitem.h>
 #include  <wx/checklst.h>
 
+#include "BatchCommands.h"
+
 class wxWindow;
 class wxCheckBox;
 class wxChoice;
@@ -70,9 +71,7 @@ class MacroCommandDialog final : public wxDialogWrapper {
 
    wxString mInternalCommandName;
 
-   using CommandName = std::tuple<wxString, wxString,wxString>;
-   using CommandNameVector = std::vector<CommandName>;
-   CommandNameVector mCommandNames;
+   const MacroCommandsCatalog mCatalog;
 
    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
 };
diff --git a/src/BatchCommands.cpp b/src/BatchCommands.cpp
index a9b5ae004..9bce05d3f 100644
--- a/src/BatchCommands.cpp
+++ b/src/BatchCommands.cpp
@@ -274,19 +274,19 @@ bool MacroCommands::RenameMacro(const wxString & oldchain, const wxString & newc
 }
 
 // Gets all commands that are valid for this mode.
-auto MacroCommands::GetAllCommands() -> CommandNameVector
+MacroCommandsCatalog::MacroCommandsCatalog( const AudacityProject *project )
 {
-   CommandNameVector commands;
-
-   AudacityProject *project = GetActiveProject();
    if (!project)
-      return commands;
+      return;
 
    // CLEANSPEECH remnant
+   Entries commands;
    for( const auto &command : SpecialCommands )
-      commands.push_back(
-         CommandName( command.first, command.second, _("Special Command") )
-      );
+      commands.push_back( {
+         command.first /* .Translation() */,
+         command.second,
+         _("Special Command")
+      } );
 
    // end CLEANSPEECH remnant
 
@@ -298,72 +298,103 @@ auto MacroCommands::GetAllCommands() -> CommandNameVector
       {
          auto command = em.GetCommandIdentifier(plug->GetID());
          if (!command.IsEmpty())
-            commands.push_back( 
-               CommandName( 
-                  plug->GetUntranslatedName(), // plug->GetTranslatedName(),
-                  command,
-                  plug->GetPluginType() == PluginTypeEffect ?
-                     _("Effect") : _("Menu Command (With Parameters)") 
-               )
-            );
+            commands.push_back( {
+               plug->GetUntranslatedName(), // plug->GetTranslatedName(),
+               command,
+               plug->GetPluginType() == PluginTypeEffect ?
+                  _("Effect") : _("Menu Command (With Parameters)")
+            } );
          plug = pm.GetNextPlugin(PluginTypeEffect|PluginTypeAudacityCommand);
       }
    }
 
-   CommandManager * mManager = project->GetCommandManager();
+   auto mManager = project->GetCommandManager();
    wxArrayString mLabels;
    wxArrayString mNames;
    mLabels.Clear();
    mNames.Clear();
    mManager->GetAllCommandLabels(mLabels, false);
    mManager->GetAllCommandNames(mNames, false);
+
+   const bool english = wxGetLocale()->GetCanonicalName().StartsWith(wxT("en"));
+
    for(size_t i=0; i<mNames.GetCount(); i++) {
       wxString label = mLabels[i];
       if( !label.Contains( "..." ) ){
          label.Replace( "&", "" );
-         wxString squashed = label;
-         squashed.Replace( " ", "" );
+         bool suffix;
+         if (!english)
+            suffix = true;
+         else {
+            // We'll disambiguate if the squashed name is short and shorter than the internal name.
+            // Otherwise not.
+            // This means we won't have repetitive items like "Cut (Cut)" 
+            // But we will show important disambiguation like "All (SelectAll)" and "By Date (SortByDate)"
+            // Disambiguation is no longer essential as the details box will show it.
+            // PRL:  I think this reasoning applies only when locale is English.
+            // For other locales, show the (CamelCaseCodeName) always.  Or, never?
+            wxString squashed = label;
+            squashed.Replace( " ", "" );
 
-         // We'll disambiguate if the squashed name is short and shorter than the internal name.
-         // Otherwise not.
-         // This means we won't have repetitive items like "Cut (Cut)" 
-         // But we will show important disambiguation like "All (SelectAll)" and "By Date (SortByDate)"
-         // Disambiguation is no longer essential as the details box will show it.
-         if( squashed.Length() < wxMin( 18, mNames[i].Length()) )
+            suffix = squashed.Length() < wxMin( 18, mNames[i].Length());
+         }
+
+         if( suffix )
             label = label + " (" + mNames[i] + ")";
 
-         commands.push_back( 
-            CommandName(
-               label, // User readable name 
+         commands.push_back(
+            {
+               label, // User readable name
                mNames[i], // Internal name.
                _("Menu Command (No Parameters)")
-            )
+            }
          );
       }
    }
 
    // Sort commands by their user-visible names.
-   // PRL:  What should happen if first members of pairs are not unique?
-   // Sort stably?
-   std::sort(
-      commands.begin(), commands.end(),
-      [](const CommandName &a, const CommandName &b)
-         { return std::get<0>(a) <  std::get<0>(b); }
-   );
+   // PRL:  What exactly should happen if first members of pairs are not unique?
+   // I'm not sure, but at least I can sort stably for a better defined result,
+   // keeping specials before effects and menu items, and lastly commands.
+   auto less =
+      [](const Entry &a, const Entry &b) { return a.friendly < b.friendly; };
+   std::stable_sort(commands.begin(), commands.end(), less);
 
-   // JKC: Gave up on trying to use std::unique on this.
-   CommandNameVector uniqueCommands;
-   unsigned size = commands.size();
-   wxString oldName = "";
-   for( unsigned i = 0; i < size; ++i ) 
-   {
-      if( std::get<0>( commands[i] ) != oldName )
-         uniqueCommands.push_back( commands[i] );
-      oldName = std::get<0>( commands[i] );
-   }
-   return uniqueCommands;
+   // Now uniquify by friendly name
+   auto equal =
+      [](const Entry &a, const Entry &b) { return a.friendly == b.friendly; };
+   std::unique_copy(
+      commands.begin(), commands.end(), std::back_inserter(mCommands), equal);
 }
 
+// binary search
+auto MacroCommandsCatalog::ByFriendlyName( const wxString &friendlyName ) const
+   -> Entries::const_iterator
+{
+   const auto less = [&](const Entry &entryA, const Entry &entryB)
+      { return entryA.friendly < entryB.friendly; };
+   auto range = std::equal_range(
+      begin(), end(), Entry{ friendlyName }, less);
+   if (range.first != range.second) {
+      wxASSERT_MSG( range.first + 1 == range.second,
+                    "Non-unique user-visible command name" );
+      return range.first;
+   }
+   else
+      return end();
+}
+
+// linear search
+auto MacroCommandsCatalog::ByCommandId( const wxString &commandId ) const
+   -> Entries::const_iterator
+{
+   // Maybe this too should have a uniqueness check?
+   return std::find_if( begin(), end(),
+      [&](const Entry &entry){ return entry.internal == commandId; });
+}
+
+
+
 wxString MacroCommands::GetCurrentParamsFor(const wxString & command)
 {
    const PluginID & ID = EffectManager::Get().GetEffectByIdentifier(command);
@@ -564,9 +595,11 @@ bool MacroCommands::WriteMp3File( const wxString & Name, int bitrate )
 // and think again.
 // ======= IMPORTANT ========
 // CLEANSPEECH remnant
-bool MacroCommands::ApplySpecialCommand(int WXUNUSED(iCommand), const wxString & command,const wxString & params)
+bool MacroCommands::ApplySpecialCommand(
+   int WXUNUSED(iCommand), const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+   const wxString & command, const wxString & params)
 {
-   if (ReportAndSkip(command, params))
+   if (ReportAndSkip(friendlyCommand, params))
       return true;
 
    AudacityProject *project = GetActiveProject();
@@ -643,15 +676,19 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplySpecialCommand(int WXUNUSED(iCommand), const wxString &
       return false;
 #endif
    }
-   AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("Command %s not implemented yet"),command));
+   AudacityMessageBox(
+      wxString::Format(_("Command %s not implemented yet"), friendlyCommand));
    return false;
 }
 // end CLEANSPEECH remnant
 
-bool MacroCommands::ApplyEffectCommand(const PluginID & ID, const wxString & command, const wxString & params, const CommandContext & Context)
+bool MacroCommands::ApplyEffectCommand(
+   const PluginID & ID, const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+   const wxString & command, const wxString & params,
+   const CommandContext & Context)
 {
    //Possibly end processing here, if in batch-debug
-   if( ReportAndSkip(command, params))
+   if( ReportAndSkip(friendlyCommand, params))
       return true;
 
    const PluginDescriptor *plug = PluginManager::Get().GetPlugin(ID);
@@ -692,7 +729,9 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplyEffectCommand(const PluginID & ID, const wxString & com
    return res;
 }
 
-bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommand(const wxString & command, const wxString & params, CommandContext const * pContext)
+bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommand( const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+   const wxString & command, const wxString & params,
+   CommandContext const * pContext)
 {
 
    unsigned int i;
@@ -700,7 +739,7 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommand(const wxString & command, const wxString & para
    // CLEANSPEECH remnant
    for( i = 0; i < sizeof(SpecialCommands)/sizeof(*SpecialCommands); ++i ) {
       if( command.IsSameAs( SpecialCommands[i].second, false) )
-         return ApplySpecialCommand( i, command, params );
+         return ApplySpecialCommand( i, friendlyCommand, command, params );
    }
    // end CLEANSPEECH remnant
 
@@ -709,9 +748,11 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommand(const wxString & command, const wxString & para
    if (!ID.empty())
    {
       if( pContext )
-         return ApplyEffectCommand(ID, command, params, *pContext);
+         return ApplyEffectCommand(
+            ID, friendlyCommand, command, params, *pContext);
       const CommandContext context(  *GetActiveProject() );
-      return ApplyEffectCommand(ID, command, params, context);
+      return ApplyEffectCommand(
+         ID, friendlyCommand, command, params, context);
    }
 
    AudacityProject *project = GetActiveProject();
@@ -720,7 +761,7 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommand(const wxString & command, const wxString & para
       if( pManager->HandleTextualCommand( command, *pContext, AlwaysEnabledFlag, AlwaysEnabledFlag ) )
          return true;
       pContext->Status( wxString::Format(
-         _("Your batch command of %s was not recognized."), command ));
+         _("Your batch command of %s was not recognized."), friendlyCommand ));
       return false;
    }
    else
@@ -732,12 +773,13 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommand(const wxString & command, const wxString & para
 
    AudacityMessageBox(
       wxString::Format(
-      _("Your batch command of %s was not recognized."), command ));
+      _("Your batch command of %s was not recognized."), friendlyCommand ));
 
    return false;
 }
 
-bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommandInBatchMode(const wxString & command, const wxString &params)
+bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommandInBatchMode( const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+   const wxString & command, const wxString &params)
 {
    AudacityProject *project = GetActiveProject();
 
@@ -748,14 +790,15 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplyCommandInBatchMode(const wxString & command, const wxSt
       project->SetShowId3Dialog(prevShowMode);
    } );
 
-   return ApplyCommand( command, params );
+   return ApplyCommand( friendlyCommand, command, params );
 }
 
 static int MacroReentryCount = 0;
 // ApplyMacro returns true on success, false otherwise.
 // Any error reporting to the user in setting up the chain
 // has already been done.
-bool MacroCommands::ApplyMacro(const wxString & filename)
+bool MacroCommands::ApplyMacro(
+   const MacroCommandsCatalog &catalog, const wxString & filename)
 {
    // Check for reentrant ApplyMacro commands.
    // We'll allow 1 level of reentry, but not more.
@@ -783,12 +826,17 @@ bool MacroCommands::ApplyMacro(const wxString & filename)
    mAbort = false;
 
    size_t i = 0;
-   for (; i < mCommandMacro.GetCount(); i++) {
-      if (!ApplyCommandInBatchMode(mCommandMacro[i], mParamsMacro[i]) || mAbort)
+   for (; i < mCommandMacro.size(); i++) {
+      const auto &command = mCommandMacro[i];
+      auto iter = catalog.ByCommandId(command);
+      auto friendly = (iter == catalog.end())
+         ? command // Expose internal name to user, in default of a better one!
+         : iter->friendly;
+      if (!ApplyCommandInBatchMode(friendly, command, mParamsMacro[i]) || mAbort)
          break;
    }
 
-   res = (i == mCommandMacro.GetCount());
+   res = (i == mCommandMacro.size());
    if (!res)
       return false;
 
@@ -856,7 +904,8 @@ void MacroCommands::ResetMacro()
 
 // ReportAndSkip() is a diagnostic function that avoids actually
 // applying the requested effect if in batch-debug mode.
-bool MacroCommands::ReportAndSkip(const wxString & command, const wxString & params)
+bool MacroCommands::ReportAndSkip(
+   const wxString & friendlyCommand, const wxString & params)
 {
    int bDebug;
    gPrefs->Read(wxT("/Batch/Debug"), &bDebug, false);
@@ -866,12 +915,12 @@ bool MacroCommands::ReportAndSkip(const wxString & command, const wxString & par
    //TODO: Add a cancel button to these, and add the logic so that we can abort.
    if( params != wxT("") )
    {
-      AudacityMessageBox( wxString::Format(_("Apply %s with parameter(s)\n\n%s"),command, params),
+      AudacityMessageBox( wxString::Format(_("Apply %s with parameter(s)\n\n%s"),friendlyCommand, params),
          _("Test Mode"));
    }
    else
    {
-      AudacityMessageBox( wxString::Format(_("Apply %s"),command),
+      AudacityMessageBox( wxString::Format(_("Apply %s"), friendlyCommand),
          _("Test Mode"));
    }
    return true;
diff --git a/src/BatchCommands.h b/src/BatchCommands.h
index 3e0ebcec7..61388df2e 100644
--- a/src/BatchCommands.h
+++ b/src/BatchCommands.h
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #ifndef __AUDACITY_BATCH_COMMANDS_DIALOG__
 #define __AUDACITY_BATCH_COMMANDS_DIALOG__
 
-#include "MemoryX.h"
 #include <wx/defs.h>
 #include <wx/string.h>
 
@@ -20,18 +19,57 @@
 
 class Effect;
 class CommandContext;
+class AudacityProject;
 
+class MacroCommandsCatalog {
+public:
+   // A triple of user-visible name, internal string identifier and type/help string.
+   struct Entry {
+      wxString friendly;
+      wxString internal;
+      wxString category;
+   };
+   using Entries = std::vector<Entry>;
+
+   MacroCommandsCatalog( const AudacityProject *project );
+
+   // binary search
+   Entries::const_iterator ByFriendlyName( const wxString &friendlyName ) const;
+   // linear search
+   Entries::const_iterator ByCommandId( const wxString &commandId ) const;
+
+   // Lookup by position as sorted by friendly name
+   const Entry &operator[] ( size_t index ) const { return mCommands[index]; }
+
+   Entries::const_iterator begin() const { return mCommands.begin(); }
+   Entries::const_iterator end() const { return mCommands.end(); }
+
+private:
+   // Sorted by friendly name
+   Entries mCommands;
+};
+
+// Stores information for one chain
 class MacroCommands final {
  public:
    // constructors and destructors
    MacroCommands();
  public:
-   bool ApplyMacro(const wxString & filename = wxT(""));
-   bool ApplyCommand( const wxString & command, const wxString & params, CommandContext const * pContext=NULL );
-   bool ApplyCommandInBatchMode(const wxString & command, const wxString &params);
-   bool ApplySpecialCommand(int iCommand, const wxString & command,const wxString & params);
-   bool ApplyEffectCommand(const PluginID & ID, const wxString & command, const wxString & params, const CommandContext & Context);
-   bool ReportAndSkip( const wxString & command, const wxString & params );
+   bool ApplyMacro( const MacroCommandsCatalog &catalog,
+      const wxString & filename = wxT(""));
+   bool ApplyCommand( const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+      const wxString & command, const wxString & params,
+      CommandContext const * pContext=NULL );
+   bool ApplyCommandInBatchMode( const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+      const wxString & command, const wxString &params);
+   bool ApplySpecialCommand(
+      int iCommand, const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+      const wxString & command, const wxString & params);
+   bool ApplyEffectCommand(
+      const PluginID & ID, const wxString &friendlyCommand,
+      const wxString & command,
+      const wxString & params, const CommandContext & Context);
+   bool ReportAndSkip( const wxString & friendlyCommand, const wxString & params );
    void AbortBatch();
 
    // Utility functions for the special commands.
@@ -44,12 +82,6 @@ class MacroCommands final {
    static wxArrayString GetNames();
    static wxArrayString GetNamesOfDefaultMacros();
 
-   // A triple of user-visible name, internal string identifier and type/help string.
-   using CommandName = std::tuple<wxString, wxString, wxString>;
-   using CommandNameVector = std::vector<CommandName>;
-   // Result is sorted by user-visible name
-   static CommandNameVector GetAllCommands();
-
    static wxString GetCurrentParamsFor(const wxString & command);
    static wxString PromptForParamsFor(const wxString & command, const wxString & params, wxWindow *parent);
    static wxString PromptForPresetFor(const wxString & command, const wxString & params, wxWindow *parent);
diff --git a/src/BatchProcessDialog.cpp b/src/BatchProcessDialog.cpp
index 26349b772..0441634aa 100644
--- a/src/BatchProcessDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/BatchProcessDialog.cpp
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ ApplyMacroDialog::ApplyMacroDialog(wxWindow * parent, bool bInherited):
    wxDialogWrapper(parent, wxID_ANY, _("Apply Macro"),
             wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
             wxDEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE | wxRESIZE_BORDER)
+   , mCatalog( GetActiveProject() )
 {
    //AudacityProject * p = GetActiveProject();
    mAbort = false;
@@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ void ApplyMacroDialog::ApplyMacroToProject( int iMacro, bool bHasGui )
    {
       wxWindowDisabler wd(&activityWin);
       success = GuardedCall< bool >(
-         [this]{ return mMacroCommands.ApplyMacro(); } );
+         [this]{ return mMacroCommands.ApplyMacro(mCatalog); } );
    }
 
    if( !bHasGui )
@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@ void ApplyMacroDialog::OnApplyToFiles(wxCommandEvent & WXUNUSED(event))
          project->Import(files[i]);
          project->ZoomAfterImport(nullptr);
          project->OnSelectAll(*project);
-         if (!mMacroCommands.ApplyMacro())
+         if (!mMacroCommands.ApplyMacro(mCatalog))
             return false;
 
          if (!activityWin.IsShown() || mAbort)
@@ -547,8 +548,6 @@ MacrosWindow::~MacrosWindow()
 /// Creates the dialog and its contents.
 void MacrosWindow::Populate()
 {
-   mCommandNames = MacroCommands::GetAllCommands();
-
    //------------------------- Main section --------------------
    ShuttleGui S(this, eIsCreating);
    PopulateOrExchange(S);
@@ -634,7 +633,7 @@ void MacrosWindow::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 
                S.StartVerticalLay(wxALIGN_TOP, 0);
                {
-                  S.AddPrompt( "Command" );
+                  S.AddPrompt( _("Command") );
                   S.Id(InsertButtonID).AddButton(_("&Insert"), wxALIGN_LEFT);
                   S.Id(EditButtonID).AddButton(_("&Edit..."), wxALIGN_LEFT);
                   S.Id(DeleteButtonID).AddButton(_("De&lete"), wxALIGN_LEFT);
@@ -643,7 +642,7 @@ void MacrosWindow::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
                   mDefaults = S.Id(DefaultsButtonID).AddButton(_("De&faults"));
 
                   S.AddSpace( 30 );
-                  S.AddPrompt( "Macro" );
+                  S.AddPrompt( _("Macro") );
                   S.Id(AddButtonID).AddButton(_("&New"));
                   mRemove = S.Id(RemoveButtonID).AddButton(_("Remo&ve"));
                   mRename = S.Id(RenameButtonID).AddButton(_("&Rename..."));
@@ -690,14 +689,13 @@ void MacrosWindow::PopulateList()
 /// Add one item into mList
 void MacrosWindow::AddItem(const wxString &Action, const wxString &Params)
 {
-   // Translate internal command name to a friendly form
-   auto item = make_iterator_range(mCommandNames).index_if(
-      [&](const CommandName &name){ return Action == std::get<1>(name); }
-   );
-   auto friendlyName = item >= 0
-      ? // wxGetTranslation
-      std::get<0>( mCommandNames[item] )
-      : Action;
+   auto entry = mCatalog.ByCommandId(Action);
+   auto friendlyName = entry != mCatalog.end()
+      ? entry->friendly  /* .Translation() */
+      :
+         // Expose an internal name to the user in default of any friendly name
+         // -- AVOID THIS!
+        Action;
 
    int i = mList->GetItemCount();
 
diff --git a/src/BatchProcessDialog.h b/src/BatchProcessDialog.h
index 1470957e0..997f58754 100644
--- a/src/BatchProcessDialog.h
+++ b/src/BatchProcessDialog.h
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ class ApplyMacroDialog : public wxDialogWrapper {
    bool mbExpanded;
    wxString mActiveMacro;
 
+protected:
+   const MacroCommandsCatalog mCatalog;
+
    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
 };
 
@@ -142,10 +145,6 @@ private:
    int mSelectedCommand;
    bool mChanged;
 
-   using CommandName = std::tuple<wxString, wxString,wxString>;
-   using CommandNameVector = std::vector<CommandName>;
-   CommandNameVector mCommandNames;
-   
    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
 };
 
diff --git a/src/Internat.h b/src/Internat.h
index 7a57c117f..732db661d 100644
--- a/src/Internat.h
+++ b/src/Internat.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #include <wx/string.h>
 #include <wx/longlong.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #ifndef IN_RC
 
 class wxString;
@@ -167,4 +169,19 @@ private:
 #define UTF8CTOWX(X) wxString((X), wxConvUTF8)
 #define LAT1CTOWX(X) wxString((X), wxConvISO8859_1)
 
+inline wxArrayString LocalizedStrings(const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings)
+{
+   wxArrayString results;
+   std::transform( strings, strings + nStrings, std::back_inserter(results),
+                   GetCustomTranslation );
+   return results;
+}
+
+inline wxArrayString LocalizedStrings(const wxArrayString &strings)
+{
+   if (strings.empty())
+      return {};
+   return LocalizedStrings( &strings[0], strings.size() );
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/src/ShuttleGui.cpp b/src/ShuttleGui.cpp
index 4ec4aa5f8..43b210f49 100644
--- a/src/ShuttleGui.cpp
+++ b/src/ShuttleGui.cpp
@@ -2077,7 +2077,8 @@ ShuttleGui & ShuttleGui::Id(int id )
 }
 
 ShuttleGui & ShuttleGui::Optional( bool &bVar ){
- TieCheckBox( "Set", bVar );
+   /* i18n-hint verb, imperative */
+ TieCheckBox( _("Set"), bVar );
  return *this;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/commands/BatchEvalCommand.cpp b/src/commands/BatchEvalCommand.cpp
index ac43cefac..9787619a1 100644
--- a/src/commands/BatchEvalCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/BatchEvalCommand.cpp
@@ -39,21 +39,29 @@ OldStyleCommandPointer BatchEvalCommandType::Create(std::unique_ptr<CommandOutpu
 
 bool BatchEvalCommand::Apply(const CommandContext & context)
 {
+   // Uh oh, I need to build a catalog, expensively
+   // Maybe it can be built in one long-lived place and shared among command
+   // objects instead?
+   MacroCommandsCatalog catalog(&context.project);
 
    wxString macroName = GetString(wxT("MacroName"));
    if (macroName != wxT(""))
    {
       MacroCommands batch;
       batch.ReadMacro(macroName);
-      return batch.ApplyMacro();
+      return batch.ApplyMacro(catalog);
    }
 
    wxString cmdName = GetString(wxT("CommandName"));
    wxString cmdParams = GetString(wxT("ParamString"));
+   auto iter = catalog.ByCommandId(cmdName);
+   const wxString &friendly = (iter == catalog.end())
+      ? cmdName // Expose internal name to user, in default of a better one!
+      : iter->friendly;
 
    // Create a Batch that will have just one command in it...
    MacroCommands Batch;
-   bool bResult = Batch.ApplyCommand(cmdName, cmdParams, &context);
+   bool bResult = Batch.ApplyCommand(friendly, cmdName, cmdParams, &context);
    // Relay messages, if any.
    wxString Message = Batch.GetMessage();
    if( !Message.IsEmpty() )
diff --git a/src/commands/CommandManager.cpp b/src/commands/CommandManager.cpp
index 84195f04a..dbc44dfc3 100644
--- a/src/commands/CommandManager.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/CommandManager.cpp
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ void CommandManager::GetCategories(wxArrayString &cats)
 }
 
 void CommandManager::GetAllCommandNames(wxArrayString &names,
-                                        bool includeMultis)
+                                        bool includeMultis) const
 {
    for(const auto &entry : mCommandList) {
       if ( entry->isEffect )
@@ -1663,7 +1663,7 @@ void CommandManager::GetAllCommandNames(wxArrayString &names,
 }
 
 void CommandManager::GetAllCommandLabels(wxArrayString &names,
-                                        bool includeMultis)
+                                        bool includeMultis) const
 {
    for(const auto &entry : mCommandList) {
       // This is fetching commands from the menus, for use as batch commands.
diff --git a/src/commands/CommandManager.h b/src/commands/CommandManager.h
index 2bf98ddd1..7668506f2 100644
--- a/src/commands/CommandManager.h
+++ b/src/commands/CommandManager.h
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ class AUDACITY_DLL_API CommandManager final : public XMLTagHandler
    //
 
    void GetCategories(wxArrayString &cats);
-   void GetAllCommandNames(wxArrayString &names, bool includeMultis);
-   void GetAllCommandLabels(wxArrayString &labels, bool includeMultis);
+   void GetAllCommandNames(wxArrayString &names, bool includeMultis) const;
+   void GetAllCommandLabels(wxArrayString &labels, bool includeMultis) const;
    void GetAllCommandData(
       wxArrayString &names,
       std::vector<NormalizedKeyString> &keys,
diff --git a/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp b/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp
index 15d223ea1..5b2350d19 100644
--- a/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ bool DragCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 void DragCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 {
-   wxArrayString coords( nCoordTypes, kCoordTypeStrings );
+   auto coords = LocalizedStrings( kCoordTypeStrings, nCoordTypes );
 
    S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
diff --git a/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp b/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp
index 19401616d..935d330c3 100644
--- a/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ bool GetInfoCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 void GetInfoCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 {
-   wxArrayString types( nTypes, kTypes );
-   wxArrayString formats( nFormats, kFormats );
+   auto types = LocalizedStrings( kTypes, nTypes );
+   auto formats = LocalizedStrings( kFormats, nFormats );
    S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
    S.StartMultiColumn(2, wxALIGN_CENTER);
diff --git a/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp b/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
index b8eb5e9a6..e0480e313 100644
--- a/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ bool GetTrackInfoCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 void GetTrackInfoCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 {
-   wxArrayString types( nTypes, kTypes );
+   auto types = LocalizedStrings( kTypes, nTypes );
    S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
    S.StartMultiColumn(2, wxALIGN_CENTER);
diff --git a/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp b/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp
index f500ee719..2593b6853 100644
--- a/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ bool ScreenshotCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 void ScreenshotCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 {
-   wxArrayString whats(nCaptureWhats, kCaptureWhatStrings);
-   wxArrayString backs(nBackgrounds, kBackgroundStrings);
+   auto whats = LocalizedStrings(kCaptureWhatStrings, nCaptureWhats);
+   auto backs = LocalizedStrings(kBackgroundStrings, nBackgrounds);
    S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
    S.StartMultiColumn(2, wxALIGN_CENTER);
diff --git a/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp b/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp
index d0ab58331..86c98e08d 100644
--- a/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ bool SelectFrequenciesCommand::Apply(const CommandContext & context){
 const int nModes =3;
 static const wxString kModes[nModes] =
 {
+   /* i18n-hint verb, imperative */
    XO("Set"),
    XO("Add"),
    XO("Remove")
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ bool SelectTracksCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 void SelectTracksCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 {
-   wxArrayString modes( nModes, kModes );
+   auto modes = LocalizedStrings( kModes, nModes );
    S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
    S.StartMultiColumn(3, wxALIGN_CENTER);
diff --git a/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp b/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp
index 731976edf..e45a71b3a 100644
--- a/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ bool SetClipCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 void SetClipCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 {
-   wxArrayString colours( nColours, kColourStrings );
+   auto colours = LocalizedStrings( kColourStrings, nColours );
 
    S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
diff --git a/src/commands/SetProjectCommand.cpp b/src/commands/SetProjectCommand.cpp
index 0a5181d7f..a8b130bdb 100644
--- a/src/commands/SetProjectCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/SetProjectCommand.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void SetProjectCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
    S.StartMultiColumn(3, wxALIGN_CENTER);
    {
       S.Optional( bHasName      ).TieTextBox(         _("Name:"),     mName );
-      S.TieCheckBox( "Resize:", bHasSizing    );
+      S.TieCheckBox( _("Resize:"), bHasSizing    );
    }
    S.EndMultiColumn();
    S.StartMultiColumn(2, wxALIGN_CENTER);
diff --git a/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp b/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
index d71e1e781..50a2aaed6 100644
--- a/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ bool SetTrackCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 void SetTrackCommand::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 {
-   wxArrayString colours(  nColours,      kColourStrings );
-   wxArrayString displays( nDisplayTypes, kDisplayTypeStrings );
-   wxArrayString scales(   nScaleTypes,   kScaleTypeStrings );
-   wxArrayString vzooms(   nZoomTypes,    kZoomTypeStrings );
+   auto colours = LocalizedStrings(  kColourStrings, nColours );
+   auto displays = LocalizedStrings( kDisplayTypeStrings, nDisplayTypes );
+   auto scales = LocalizedStrings( kScaleTypeStrings, nScaleTypes );
+   auto vzooms = LocalizedStrings( kZoomTypeStrings, nZoomTypes );
 
    S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
diff --git a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp
index 97ffb9cae..fc59305de 100644
--- a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp
@@ -94,15 +94,6 @@ enum
 static const wxChar *KEY_Version = wxT("Version");
 static const wxChar *KEY_Command = wxT("Command");
 
-wxArrayString NyqControl::GetTranslatedChoices() const
-{
-   wxArrayString results;
-   std::transform(
-      choices.begin(), choices.end(), std::back_inserter(results),
-                  GetCustomTranslation);
-   return results;
-}
-
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // NyquistEffect
@@ -2405,7 +2396,7 @@ void NyquistEffect::BuildEffectWindow(ShuttleGui & S)
             {
                S.AddSpace(10, 10);
 
-               const wxArrayString &choices = ctrl.GetTranslatedChoices();
+               auto choices = LocalizedStrings(ctrl.choices);
                S.Id(ID_Choice + i).AddChoice( {}, wxT(""), &choices);
             }
             else
diff --git a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h
index d336584ae..dab4c5b12 100644
--- a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h
+++ b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ public:
    //NyqControl( NyqControl && ) = default;
    //NyqControl &operator = ( NyqControl && ) = default;
 
-   wxArrayString GetTranslatedChoices() const;
-
    int type;
    wxString var;
    wxString name;