diff --git a/src/AboutDialog.cpp b/src/AboutDialog.cpp
index b6cd5fa8c..cb0c06946 100644
--- a/src/AboutDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/AboutDialog.cpp
@@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ void AboutDialog::PopulateInformationPage( ShuttleGui & S )
                            wxSize(ABOUT_DIALOG_WIDTH, 264),
                            wxHW_SCROLLBAR_AUTO | wxSUNKEN_BORDER);
    // create a html pane in it to put the content in.
-   wxString enabled = _("Enabled");
-   wxString disabled = _("Disabled");
+   auto enabled = XO("Enabled");
+   auto disabled = XO("Disabled");
    wxString blank;
 
    /* this builds up the list of information to go in the window in the string
@@ -604,10 +604,10 @@ void AboutDialog::PopulateInformationPage( ShuttleGui & S )
          XO("Sample rate conversion"), enabled);
 
    AddBuildinfoRow(&informationStr, wxT("PortAudio"),
-         XO("Audio playback and recording"), wxString(wxT("v19")));
+         XO("Audio playback and recording"), Verbatim(wxT("v19")));
 
    AddBuildinfoRow(&informationStr, wxT("wxWidgets"),
-         XO("Cross-platform GUI library"), wxVERSION_NUM_DOT_STRING_T);
+         XO("Cross-platform GUI library"), Verbatim(wxVERSION_NUM_DOT_STRING_T));
 
    informationStr
       << wxT("</table>\n")  //end table of libraries
@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ wxString AboutDialog::GetCreditsByRole(AboutDialog::Role role)
  * library is enabled or not, and what it does */
 void AboutDialog::AddBuildinfoRow(
    wxTextOutputStream *str, const wxChar * libname,
-   const TranslatableString &libdesc, const wxString &status)
+   const TranslatableString &libdesc, const TranslatableString &status)
 {
    *str
       << wxT("<tr><td>")
diff --git a/src/AboutDialog.h b/src/AboutDialog.h
index ac817b0b3..d3059f84c 100644
--- a/src/AboutDialog.h
+++ b/src/AboutDialog.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class AboutDialog final : public wxDialogWrapper {
    wxString GetCreditsByRole(AboutDialog::Role role);
 
    void AddBuildinfoRow( wxTextOutputStream *str, const wxChar * libname,
-      const TranslatableString &libdesc, const wxString &status);
+      const TranslatableString &libdesc, const TranslatableString &status);
    void AddBuildinfoRow( wxTextOutputStream *str,
       const TranslatableString &description, const wxChar *spec);
 };
diff --git a/src/Snap.cpp b/src/Snap.cpp
index 3c145ed1a..944494f2f 100644
--- a/src/Snap.cpp
+++ b/src/Snap.cpp
@@ -360,13 +360,14 @@ SnapResults SnapManager::Snap
    return results;
 }
 
-/* static */ wxArrayStringEx SnapManager::GetSnapLabels()
+/* static */ const TranslatableStrings &SnapManager::GetSnapLabels()
 {
-   return wxArrayStringEx{
-      _("Off") ,
-      _("Nearest") ,
-      _("Prior") ,
+   static const TranslatableStrings result{
+      XO("Off") ,
+      XO("Nearest") ,
+      XO("Prior") ,
    };
+   return result;
 }
 
 #include "AColor.h"
diff --git a/src/Snap.h b/src/Snap.h
index ef19f85d1..7f8c4bac1 100644
--- a/src/Snap.h
+++ b/src/Snap.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
              double t,
              bool rightEdge);
 
-   static wxArrayStringEx GetSnapLabels();
+   static const TranslatableStrings &GetSnapLabels();
 
    // The two coordinates need not be ordered:
    static void Draw( wxDC *dc, wxInt64 snap0, wxInt64 snap1 );
diff --git a/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.cpp b/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.cpp
index 58845af78..8eb10d43c 100644
--- a/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.cpp
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ public:
 
    void PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S);
    bool HasPresets();
-   wxString Import(const wxString & path, const wxString & name);
+   TranslatableString Import(const wxString & path, const wxString & name);
 
    void OnOk(wxCommandEvent & evt);
 
@@ -751,7 +751,8 @@ bool AudioUnitEffectImportDialog::HasPresets()
    return mList->GetItemCount() > 0;
 }
 
-wxString AudioUnitEffectImportDialog::Import(const wxString & path, const wxString & name)
+TranslatableString AudioUnitEffectImportDialog::Import(
+   const wxString & path, const wxString & name)
 {
    // Generate the path
    wxString fullPath;
@@ -763,7 +764,7 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffectImportDialog::Import(const wxString & path, const wxStri
    wxFFile f(fullPath, wxT("r"));
    if (!f.IsOpened())
    {
-      return wxString::Format(_("Couldn't open \"%s\""), fullPath);
+      return XO("Couldn't open \"%s\"").Format( fullPath );
    }
 
    // Load it into the buffer
@@ -771,23 +772,23 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffectImportDialog::Import(const wxString & path, const wxStri
    wxMemoryBuffer buf(len);
    if (f.Read(buf.GetData(), len) != len || f.Error())
    {
-      return wxString::Format(_("Unable to read the preset from \"%s\""), fullPath);
+      return XO("Unable to read the preset from \"%s\"").Format( fullPath );
    }
 
    wxString parms = wxBase64Encode(buf.GetData(), len);
    if (parms.IsEmpty())
    {
-      return wxString::Format(_("Failed to encode preset from \"%s\""), fullPath);
+      return XO("Failed to encode preset from \"%s\"").Format( fullPath );
    }
 
    // And write it to the config
    wxString group = mEffect->mHost->GetUserPresetsGroup(name);
    if (!mEffect->mHost->SetPrivateConfig(group, PRESET_KEY, parms))
    {
-      return wxString::Format(_("Unable to store preset in config file"));
+      return XO("Unable to store preset in config file");
    }
 
-   return wxEmptyString;
+   return {};
 }
 
 void AudioUnitEffectImportDialog::OnOk(wxCommandEvent & evt)
@@ -806,9 +807,9 @@ void AudioUnitEffectImportDialog::OnOk(wxCommandEvent & evt)
 
       wxString path = item.GetText();
       wxString name = mList->GetItemText(sel);
-      wxString msg = Import(path, name);
+      auto msg = Import(path, name);
 
-      if (!msg.IsEmpty())
+      if (!msg.empty())
       {
          AudacityMessageBox(
             XO("Could not import \"%s\" preset\n\n%s").Format( name, msg ),
@@ -1851,8 +1852,8 @@ void AudioUnitEffect::ExportPresets()
       return;
    }
 
-   wxString msg = Export(path);
-   if (!msg.IsEmpty())
+   auto msg = Export(path);
+   if (!msg.empty())
    {
       AudacityMessageBox(
          XO("Could not export \"%s\" preset\n\n%s").Format( path, msg ),
@@ -1893,8 +1894,8 @@ void AudioUnitEffect::ImportPresets()
       return;
    }
 
-   wxString msg = Import(path);
-   if (!msg.IsEmpty())
+   auto msg = Import(path);
+   if (!msg.empty())
    {
       AudacityMessageBox(
          XO("Could not import \"%s\" preset\n\n%s").Format( path, msg ),
@@ -2260,13 +2261,13 @@ void AudioUnitEffect::SetChannelCount(unsigned numChannels)
    mNumChannels = numChannels;
 }
 
-wxString AudioUnitEffect::Export(const wxString & path)
+TranslatableString AudioUnitEffect::Export(const wxString & path)
 {
    // Create the file
    wxFFile f(path, wxT("wb"));
    if (!f.IsOpened())
    {
-      return _("Couldn't open \"%s\"").Format(path);
+      return XO("Couldn't open \"%s\"").Format(path);
    }
 
    // First set the name of the preset
@@ -2287,7 +2288,7 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffect::Export(const wxString & path)
                                  sizeof(preset));
    if (result != noErr)
    {
-      return _("Failed to set preset name");
+      return XO("Failed to set preset name");
    }
 
    // Now retrieve the preset content
@@ -2302,7 +2303,7 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffect::Export(const wxString & path)
    CFunique_ptr<char /* CFPropertyList */> ucontent { (char *) content };
    if (result != noErr)
    {
-      return _("Failed to retrieve preset content");
+      return XO("Failed to retrieve preset content");
    }
 
    // And convert it to serialized XML data
@@ -2316,34 +2317,34 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffect::Export(const wxString & path)
    };
    if (!data)
    {
-      return _("Failed to convert property list to XML data");
+      return XO("Failed to convert property list to XML data");
    }
 
    // Nothing to do if we don't have any data
    SInt32 length = CFDataGetLength(data.get());
    if (!length)
    {
-      return _("XML data is empty after conversion");
+      return XO("XML data is empty after conversion");
    }
 
    // Write XML data
    if (f.Write(CFDataGetBytePtr(data.get()), length) != length || f.Error())
    {
-      return _("Failed to write XML preset to \"%s\"").Format(path);
+      return XO("Failed to write XML preset to \"%s\"").Format(path);
    }
 
    f.Close();
 
-   return wxEmptyString;
+   return {};
 }
 
-wxString AudioUnitEffect::Import(const wxString & path)
+TranslatableString AudioUnitEffect::Import(const wxString & path)
 {
    // Open the preset
    wxFFile f(path, wxT("r"));
    if (!f.IsOpened())
    {
-      return _("Couldn't open \"%s\"").Format(path);
+      return XO("Couldn't open \"%s\"").Format(path);
    }
 
    // Load it into the buffer
@@ -2351,7 +2352,7 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffect::Import(const wxString & path)
    wxMemoryBuffer buf(len);
    if (f.Read(buf.GetData(), len) != len || f.Error())
    {
-      return _("Unable to read the preset from \"%s\"").Format(path);
+      return XO("Unable to read the preset from \"%s\"").Format(path);
    }
 
    // Create a CFData object that references the decoded preset
@@ -2364,7 +2365,7 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffect::Import(const wxString & path)
    };
    if (!data)
    {
-      return _("Failed to convert preset to internal format");
+      return XO("Failed to convert preset to internal format");
    }
 
    // Convert it back to a property list.
@@ -2378,7 +2379,7 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffect::Import(const wxString & path)
    };
    if (!content)
    {
-      return _("Failed to create property list for preset");
+      return XO("Failed to create property list for preset");
    }
    CFunique_ptr<char /* CFPropertyList */> ucontent { (char *) content };
 
@@ -2392,13 +2393,13 @@ wxString AudioUnitEffect::Import(const wxString & path)
                                  sizeof(content));
    if (result != noErr)
    {
-      return _("Failed to set class info for \"%s\" preset");
+      return XO("Failed to set class info for \"%s\" preset");
    }
 
    // Notify interested parties of change and propagate to slaves
    Notify(mUnit, kAUParameterListener_AnyParameter);
 
-   return wxEmptyString;
+   return {};
 }
 
 void AudioUnitEffect::Notify(AudioUnit unit, AudioUnitParameterID parm)
diff --git a/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.h b/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.h
index ce59f5643..93c03dfb2 100644
--- a/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.h
+++ b/src/effects/audiounits/AudioUnitEffect.h
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ private:
    bool SetRateAndChannels();
 
    bool CopyParameters(AudioUnit srcUnit, AudioUnit dstUnit);
-   wxString Export(const wxString & path);
-   wxString Import(const wxString & path);
+   TranslatableString Export(const wxString & path);
+   TranslatableString Import(const wxString & path);
    void Notify(AudioUnit unit, AudioUnitParameterID parm);
 
    // Realtime
diff --git a/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp
index 0fae2bed6..75aae49bc 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp
@@ -300,8 +300,10 @@ void SelectionBar::Populate()
    AddVLine( mainSizer );
 
    mSnapTo = safenew wxChoice(this, SnapToID,
-                          wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
-                          SnapManager::GetSnapLabels());
+      wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
+      transform_container< wxArrayStringEx >(
+         SnapManager::GetSnapLabels(),
+         std::mem_fn( &TranslatableString::Translation ) ) );
 
 #ifdef __WXGTK__
    // Combo boxes are taller on Linux, and if we don't do the following, the selection toolbar will