diff --git a/include/audacity/EffectAutomationParameters.h b/include/audacity/EffectAutomationParameters.h
index 90e05332c..7e0e996f1 100644
--- a/include/audacity/EffectAutomationParameters.h
+++ b/include/audacity/EffectAutomationParameters.h
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
 #include <wx/intl.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#include "IdentInterface.h"
+
 
 /**
 \brief CommandParameters, derived from wxFileConfig, is essentially doing 
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ public:
    using ObsoleteMap = std::pair< wxString, size_t >;
 
    bool ReadEnum(const wxString & key, int *pi,
-                 const wxString choices[], size_t nChoices,
+                 const IdentInterfaceSymbol choices[], size_t nChoices,
                  const ObsoleteMap obsoletes[] = nullptr,
                  size_t nObsoletes = 0) const
    {
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ public:
          return false;
       }
       *pi = std::find( choices, choices + nChoices,
-                       s ) - choices;
+                       IdentInterfaceSymbol{ s, {} } ) - choices;
       if (*pi == nChoices)
          *pi = -1;
       if (*pi < 0 && obsoletes) {
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ public:
    }
 
    bool ReadEnum(const wxString & key, int *pi, int defVal,
-                 const wxString choices[], size_t nChoices,
+                 const IdentInterfaceSymbol choices[], size_t nChoices,
                  const ObsoleteMap obsoletes[] = nullptr,
                  size_t nObsoletes = 0) const
    {
@@ -199,14 +201,14 @@ public:
    }
 
    bool WriteEnum(const wxString & key, int value,
-                  const wxString choices[], size_t nChoices)
+                  const IdentInterfaceSymbol choices[], size_t nChoices)
    {
       if (value < 0 || value >= nChoices)
       {
          return false;
       }
 
-      return wxFileConfig::Write(key, choices[value]);
+      return wxFileConfig::Write(key, choices[value].Internal());
    }
 
    bool ReadAndVerify(const wxString & key, float *val, float defVal, float min, float max) const
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ public:
    }
 
    bool ReadAndVerify(const wxString & key, int *val, int defVal,
-                      const wxString choices[], size_t nChoices,
+                      const IdentInterfaceSymbol choices[], size_t nChoices,
                       const ObsoleteMap obsoletes[] = nullptr,
                       size_t nObsoletes = 0) const
    {
diff --git a/src/Internat.cpp b/src/Internat.cpp
index 7a93104fd..f63e67fd9 100644
--- a/src/Internat.cpp
+++ b/src/Internat.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ and on Mac OS X for the filesystem.
 #include "FileNames.h"
 #include "widgets/ErrorDialog.h"
 #include "Internat.h"
+#include "../include/audacity/IdentInterface.h"
 
 // in order for the static member variables to exist, they must appear here
 // (_outside_) the class definition, in order to be allocated some storage.
@@ -298,3 +299,12 @@ wxString Internat::StripAccelerators(const wxString &s)
    }
    return result;
 }
+
+wxArrayString LocalizedStrings(
+   const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings)
+{
+   wxArrayString results;
+   std::transform( strings, strings + nStrings, std::back_inserter(results),
+                   std::mem_fun_ref( &IdentInterfaceSymbol::Translation ) );
+   return results;
+}
diff --git a/src/Internat.h b/src/Internat.h
index 21c90c6cc..85a875873 100644
--- a/src/Internat.h
+++ b/src/Internat.h
@@ -169,20 +169,9 @@ private:
 #define UTF8CTOWX(X) wxString((X), wxConvUTF8)
 #define LAT1CTOWX(X) wxString((X), wxConvISO8859_1)
 
-inline wxArrayString LocalizedStrings(const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings)
-{
-   wxArrayString results;
-   std::transform( strings, strings + nStrings, std::back_inserter(results),
-                   GetCustomTranslation );
-   return results;
-}
-
-inline wxArrayString LocalizedStrings(const wxArrayString &strings)
-{
-   if (strings.empty())
-      return {};
-   return LocalizedStrings( &strings[0], strings.size() );
-}
+class IdentInterfaceSymbol;
+wxArrayString LocalizedStrings(
+   const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings);
 
 // This object pairs an internal string, maybe empty, with a translated string.
 // Any internal string may be written to configuration or other files and,
diff --git a/src/Shuttle.cpp b/src/Shuttle.cpp
index d111c1337..2e50f4edc 100644
--- a/src/Shuttle.cpp
+++ b/src/Shuttle.cpp
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ void ShuttleParams::Define( float & var,    const wxChar * key, const float vdef
 void ShuttleParams::Define( double & var,   const wxChar * key, const float vdefault, const float vmin, const float vmax, const float vscl ){;};
 void ShuttleParams::Define( double & var,   const wxChar * key, const double vdefault, const double vmin, const double vmax, const double vscl ){;};
 void ShuttleParams::Define( wxString &var, const wxChar * key, const wxString vdefault, const wxString vmin, const wxString vmax, const wxString vscl ){;};
-void ShuttleParams::DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault, const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings ){;};
+void ShuttleParams::DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault, const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings ){;};
 
 
 
@@ -403,10 +403,10 @@ void ShuttleGetAutomation::Define( wxString &var, const wxChar * key, const wxSt
 }
 
 
-void ShuttleGetAutomation::DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault, const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings )
+void ShuttleGetAutomation::DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault, const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings )
 {
    if( !ShouldSet() ) return;
-   mpEap->Write(key, strings[var]);
+   mpEap->Write(key, strings[var].Internal());
 }
 
 
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ void ShuttleSetAutomation::Define( wxString &var, const wxChar * key, const wxSt
 }
 
 
-void ShuttleSetAutomation::DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault, const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings )
+void ShuttleSetAutomation::DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault, const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings )
 {
    CouldGet( key );
    if( !bOK )
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ void ShuttleGetDefinition::Define( wxString &var, const wxChar * key, const wxSt
 
 void ShuttleGetDefinition::DefineEnum( int &var,
    const wxChar * key, const int vdefault,
-   const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings )
+   const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings )
 {
    StartStruct();
    AddItem( wxString(key), "key" );
@@ -638,11 +638,11 @@ void ShuttleGetDefinition::DefineEnum( int &var,
    if( IsOptional() )
       AddItem( "unchanged", "default" );
    else
-      AddItem( strings[vdefault], "default"  );
+      AddItem( strings[vdefault].Internal(), "default"  );
    StartField( "enum" );
    StartArray();
    for( size_t i = 0; i < nStrings; i++ )
-      AddItem( strings[i] );
+      AddItem( strings[i].Internal() );
    EndArray();
    EndField();
    EndStruct();
diff --git a/src/Shuttle.h b/src/Shuttle.h
index 405cb9168..e7b656715 100644
--- a/src/Shuttle.h
+++ b/src/Shuttle.h
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 #define __AUDACITY_SHUTTLE__
 
 #include "commands/CommandTargets.h"
+#include "../include/audacity/IdentInterface.h"
 
+class IdentInterfaceSymbol;
 class WrappedType;
 
 class Shuttle /* not final */ {
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ public:
    virtual void Define( double & var,   const wxChar * key, const double vdefault, const double vmin, const double vmax, const double vscl=1.0f );
    virtual void Define( wxString &var, const wxChar * key, const wxString vdefault, const wxString vmin="", const wxString vmax="", const wxString vscl="" );
    virtual void DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault,
-      const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings );
+      const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings );
 };
 
 /**************************************************************************//**
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ public:
    void Define( double & var,   const wxChar * key, const double vdefault, const double vmin, const double vmax, const double vscl ) override;
    void Define( wxString &var,  const wxChar * key, const wxString vdefault, const wxString vmin, const wxString vmax, const wxString vscl ) override;
    void DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault,
-      const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings ) override;
+      const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings ) override;
 };
 
 /**************************************************************************//**
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ public:
    void Define( double & var,   const wxChar * key, const double vdefault, const double vmin, const double vmax, const double vscl ) override;
    void Define( wxString &var,  const wxChar * key, const wxString vdefault, const wxString vmin, const wxString vmax, const wxString vscl ) override;
    void DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault,
-      const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings ) override;
+      const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings ) override;
 };
 
 /**************************************************************************//**
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ public:
    void Define( double & var,   const wxChar * key, const double vdefault, const double vmin, const double vmax, const double vscl ) override;
    void Define( wxString &var,  const wxChar * key, const wxString vdefault, const wxString vmin, const wxString vmax, const wxString vscl ) override;
    void DefineEnum( int &var, const wxChar * key, const int vdefault,
-      const wxString strings[], size_t nStrings ) override;
+      const IdentInterfaceSymbol strings[], size_t nStrings ) override;
 };
 
 
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ public:
       const wxString WXUNUSED(vmin), const wxString WXUNUSED(vmax), const wxString WXUNUSED(vscl) ) 
       override { var = vdefault;};
    void DefineEnum( int &var,        const wxChar * WXUNUSED(key),  const int vdefault,
-      const wxString WXUNUSED(strings) [], size_t WXUNUSED( nStrings ) )
+      const IdentInterfaceSymbol WXUNUSED(strings) [], size_t WXUNUSED( nStrings ) )
       override { var = vdefault;};
 };
 
diff --git a/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp b/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp
index 02268c0d5..163aa267d 100644
--- a/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/DragCommand.cpp
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ enum kCoordTypes
    nCoordTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kCoordTypeStrings[nCoordTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kCoordTypeStrings[nCoordTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Panel"),
-   XO("App"),
-   XO("Track0"),
-   XO("Track1"),
+   { XO("Panel") },
+   { XO("App") },
+   { XO("Track0") },
+   { XO("Track1") },
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp b/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp
index dff75ba89..16bfc4594 100644
--- a/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/GetInfoCommand.cpp
@@ -55,17 +55,17 @@ enum {
    nTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kTypes[nTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kTypes[nTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Commands"),
-   XO("Commands+"),
-   XO("Menus"),
-   XO("Preferences"),
-   XO("Tracks"),
-   XO("Clips"),
-   XO("Envelopes"),
-   XO("Labels"),
-   XO("Boxes")
+   { XO("Commands") },
+   { XO("Commands+") },
+   { XO("Menus") },
+   { XO("Preferences") },
+   { XO("Tracks") },
+   { XO("Clips") },
+   { XO("Envelopes") },
+   { XO("Labels") },
+   { XO("Boxes") },
 };
 
 enum {
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ enum {
    nFormats
 };
 
-static const wxString kFormats[nFormats] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kFormats[nFormats] =
 {
-   XO("JSON"),
-   XO("LISP"),
-   XO("Brief")
+   { XO("JSON") },
+   { XO("LISP") },
+   { XO("Brief") }
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp b/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
index 521c58917..0d5c5e99b 100644
--- a/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/GetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
 #include "CommandContext.h"
 
 const int nTypes =3;
-static const wxString kTypes[nTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kTypes[nTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Tracks"),
-   XO("Clips"),
-   XO("Labels")
+   { XO("Tracks") },
+   { XO("Clips") },
+   { XO("Labels") },
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp b/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp
index 2ba539a47..7843cd264 100644
--- a/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/ScreenshotCommand.cpp
@@ -46,48 +46,50 @@ small calculations of rectangles.
 #include "CommandContext.h"
 
 
-static const wxString kCaptureWhatStrings[ ScreenshotCommand::nCaptureWhats ] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol
+kCaptureWhatStrings[ ScreenshotCommand::nCaptureWhats ] =
 {
-   XO("Window"),
-   XO("Full_Window"),
-   XO("Window_Plus"),
-   XO("Fullscreen"),
-   XO("Toolbars"),
-   XO("Effects"),
-   XO("Scriptables"),
-   XO("Preferences"),
-   XO("Selectionbar"),
-   XO("Spectral_Selection"),
-   XO("Tools"),
-   XO("Transport"),
-   XO("Mixer"),
-   XO("Meter"),
-   XO("Play_Meter"),
-   XO("Record_Meter"),
-   XO("Edit"),
-   XO("Device"),
-   XO("Scrub"),
-   XO("Transcription"),
-   XO("Trackpanel"),
-   XO("Ruler"),
-   XO("Tracks"),
-   XO("First_Track"),
-   XO("First_Two_Tracks"),
-   XO("First_Three_Tracks"),
-   XO("First_Four_Tracks"),
-   XO("Second_Track"),
-   XO("Tracks_Plus"),
-   XO("First_Track_Plus"),
-   XO("All_Tracks"),
-   XO("All_Tracks_Plus"),
+   { XO("Window") },
+   { XO("Full_Window") },
+   { XO("Window_Plus") },
+   { XO("Fullscreen") },
+   { XO("Toolbars") },
+   { XO("Effects") },
+   { XO("Scriptables") },
+   { XO("Preferences") },
+   { XO("Selectionbar") },
+   { XO("Spectral_Selection") },
+   { XO("Tools") },
+   { XO("Transport") },
+   { XO("Mixer") },
+   { XO("Meter") },
+   { XO("Play_Meter") },
+   { XO("Record_Meter") },
+   { XO("Edit") },
+   { XO("Device") },
+   { XO("Scrub") },
+   { XO("Transcription") },
+   { XO("Trackpanel") },
+   { XO("Ruler") },
+   { XO("Tracks") },
+   { XO("First_Track") },
+   { XO("First_Two_Tracks") },
+   { XO("First_Three_Tracks") },
+   { XO("First_Four_Tracks") },
+   { XO("Second_Track") },
+   { XO("Tracks_Plus") },
+   { XO("First_Track_Plus") },
+   { XO("All_Tracks") },
+   { XO("All_Tracks_Plus") },
 };
 
 
-static const wxString kBackgroundStrings[ ScreenshotCommand::nBackgrounds ] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol
+kBackgroundStrings[ ScreenshotCommand::nBackgrounds ] =
 {
-   XO("Blue"),
-   XO("White"),
-   XO("None")
+   { XO("Blue") },
+   { XO("White") },
+   { XO("None") },
 };
 
 
@@ -627,7 +629,7 @@ void ScreenshotCommand::GetDerivedParams()
 
    // Build a suitable filename
    mFileName = MakeFileName(mFilePath,
-      GetCustomTranslation( kCaptureWhatStrings[ mCaptureMode ] ));
+      kCaptureWhatStrings[ mCaptureMode ].Translation() );
 
    if (mBack == kBlue)
    {
@@ -777,7 +779,7 @@ wxRect ScreenshotCommand::GetTrackRect( AudacityProject * pProj, TrackPanel * pa
 wxString ScreenshotCommand::WindowFileName(AudacityProject * proj, wxTopLevelWindow *w){
    if (w != proj && w->GetTitle() != wxT("")) {
       mFileName = MakeFileName(mFilePath,
-         GetCustomTranslation( kCaptureWhatStrings[ mCaptureMode ] ) +
+         kCaptureWhatStrings[ mCaptureMode ].Translation() +
             (wxT("-") + w->GetTitle() + wxT("-")));
    }
    return mFileName;
diff --git a/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp b/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp
index f21b6063d..414f5c59a 100644
--- a/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/SelectCommand.cpp
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ explicitly code all three.
 // Relative to project and relative to selection cover MOST options, since you can already
 // set a selection to a clip.
 const int nRelativeTos =6;
-static const wxString kRelativeTo[nRelativeTos] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kRelativeTo[nRelativeTos] =
 {
-   XO("Project Start"),
-   XO("Project"),
-   XO("Project End"),
-   XO("Selection Start"),
-   XO("Selection"),
-   XO("Selection End")
+   { XO("Project Start") },
+   { XO("Project") },
+   { XO("Project End") },
+   { XO("Selection Start") },
+   { XO("Selection") },
+   { XO("Selection End") }
 };
 
 bool SelectTimeCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
@@ -167,12 +167,12 @@ bool SelectFrequenciesCommand::Apply(const CommandContext & context){
 }
 
 const int nModes =3;
-static const wxString kModes[nModes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kModes[nModes] =
 {
    /* i18n-hint verb, imperative */
-   XO("Set"),
-   XO("Add"),
-   XO("Remove")
+   { XO("Set") },
+   { XO("Add") },
+   { XO("Remove") },
 };
 
 bool SelectTracksCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
diff --git a/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp b/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp
index 782b6575f..be6c3caba 100644
--- a/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/SetClipCommand.cpp
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ enum kColours
    nColours
 };
 
-static const wxString kColourStrings[nColours] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kColourStrings[nColours] =
 {
-   XO("Color0"),
-   XO("Color1"),
-   XO("Color2"),
-   XO("Color3"),
+   { XO("Color0") },
+   { XO("Color1") },
+   { XO("Color2") },
+   { XO("Color3") },
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp b/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
index 0d4e8065a..f2c4df7d4 100644
--- a/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/SetTrackInfoCommand.cpp
@@ -236,12 +236,12 @@ enum kColours
    nColours
 };
 
-static const wxString kColourStrings[nColours] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kColourStrings[nColours] =
 {
-   XO("Color0"),
-   XO("Color1"),
-   XO("Color2"),
-   XO("Color3"),
+   { XO("Color0") },
+   { XO("Color1") },
+   { XO("Color2") },
+   { XO("Color3") },
 };
 
 
@@ -252,10 +252,10 @@ enum kDisplayTypes
    nDisplayTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kDisplayTypeStrings[nDisplayTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kDisplayTypeStrings[nDisplayTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Waveform"),
-   XO("Spectrogram"),
+   { XO("Waveform") },
+   { XO("Spectrogram") },
 };
 
 enum kScaleTypes
@@ -265,10 +265,10 @@ enum kScaleTypes
    nScaleTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kScaleTypeStrings[nScaleTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kScaleTypeStrings[nScaleTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Linear"),
-   XO("dB"),
+   { XO("Linear") },
+   { XO("dB") },
 };
 
 enum kZoomTypes
@@ -279,11 +279,11 @@ enum kZoomTypes
    nZoomTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kZoomTypeStrings[nZoomTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kZoomTypeStrings[nZoomTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Reset"),
-   XO("Times2"),
-   XO("HalfWave"),
+   { XO("Reset") },
+   { XO("Times2") },
+   { XO("HalfWave") },
 };
 
 bool SetTrackVisualsCommand::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){ 
diff --git a/src/effects/Distortion.cpp b/src/effects/Distortion.cpp
index 69a9f0001..4e56be899 100644
--- a/src/effects/Distortion.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Distortion.cpp
@@ -57,19 +57,19 @@ enum kTableType
    nTableTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kTableTypeStrings[nTableTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kTableTypeStrings[nTableTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Hard Clipping"),
-   XO("Soft Clipping"),
-   XO("Soft Overdrive"),
-   XO("Medium Overdrive"),
-   XO("Hard Overdrive"),
-   XO("Cubic Curve (odd harmonics)"),
-   XO("Even Harmonics"),
-   XO("Expand and Compress"),
-   XO("Leveller"),
-   XO("Rectifier Distortion"),
-   XO("Hard Limiter 1413")
+   { XO("Hard Clipping") },
+   { XO("Soft Clipping") },
+   { XO("Soft Overdrive") },
+   { XO("Medium Overdrive") },
+   { XO("Hard Overdrive") },
+   { XO("Cubic Curve (odd harmonics)") },
+   { XO("Even Harmonics") },
+   { XO("Expand and Compress") },
+   { XO("Leveller") },
+   { XO("Rectifier Distortion") },
+   { XO("Hard Limiter 1413") }
 };
 
 // Define keys, defaults, minimums, and maximums for the effect parameters
@@ -293,7 +293,8 @@ bool EffectDistortion::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 bool EffectDistortion::GetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
 {
-   parms.Write(KEY_TableTypeIndx, kTableTypeStrings[mParams.mTableChoiceIndx]);
+   parms.Write(KEY_TableTypeIndx,
+               kTableTypeStrings[mParams.mTableChoiceIndx].Internal());
    parms.Write(KEY_DCBlock, mParams.mDCBlock);
    parms.Write(KEY_Threshold_dB, mParams.mThreshold_dB);
    parms.Write(KEY_NoiseFloor, mParams.mNoiseFloor);
diff --git a/src/effects/Equalization.cpp b/src/effects/Equalization.cpp
index fee675a80..1f190359b 100644
--- a/src/effects/Equalization.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Equalization.cpp
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ enum kInterpolations
 #define EQCURVES_REVISION  0
 #define UPDATE_ALL 0 // 0 = merge NEW presets only, 1 = Update all factory presets.
 
-static const wxString kInterpStrings[nInterpolations] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kInterpStrings[nInterpolations] =
 {
    /* i18n-hint: Technical term for a kind of curve.*/
-   XO("B-spline"),
-   XO("Cosine"),
-   XO("Cubic")
+   { XO("B-spline") },
+   { XO("Cosine") },
+   { XO("Cubic") }
 };
 
 static const double kThirdOct[] =
diff --git a/src/effects/Noise.cpp b/src/effects/Noise.cpp
index bd12cd78d..15752bba0 100644
--- a/src/effects/Noise.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Noise.cpp
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ enum kTypes
    nTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kTypeStrings[nTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kTypeStrings[nTypes] =
 {
-   XO("White"),
-   XO("Pink"),
-   XO("Brownian")
+   { XO("White") },
+   { XO("Pink") },
+   { XO("Brownian") }
 };
 
 // Define keys, defaults, minimums, and maximums for the effect parameters
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ bool EffectNoise::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 bool EffectNoise::GetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
 {
-   parms.Write(KEY_Type, kTypeStrings[mType]);
+   parms.Write(KEY_Type, kTypeStrings[mType].Internal());
    parms.Write(KEY_Amp, mAmp);
 
    return true;
diff --git a/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp b/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp
index 143b83e93..276dbbeb0 100644
--- a/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ enum kTypes
    nTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kTypeStrings[nTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kTypeStrings[nTypes] =
 {
    /*i18n-hint: Butterworth is the name of the person after whom the filter type is named.*/
-   XO("Butterworth"),
+   { XO("Butterworth") },
    /*i18n-hint: Chebyshev is the name of the person after whom the filter type is named.*/
-   XO("Chebyshev Type I"),
+   { XO("Chebyshev Type I") },
    /*i18n-hint: Chebyshev is the name of the person after whom the filter type is named.*/
-   XO("Chebyshev Type II")
+   { XO("Chebyshev Type II") }
 };
 
 enum kSubTypes
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ enum kSubTypes
    nSubTypes
 };
 
-static const wxString kSubTypeStrings[nSubTypes] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kSubTypeStrings[nSubTypes] =
 {
-   XO("Lowpass"),
-   XO("Highpass")
+   { XO("Lowpass") },
+   { XO("Highpass") }
 };
 
 // Define keys, defaults, minimums, and maximums for the effect parameters
@@ -252,8 +252,8 @@ bool EffectScienFilter::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 bool EffectScienFilter::GetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
 {
-   parms.Write(KEY_Type, kTypeStrings[mFilterType]);
-   parms.Write(KEY_Subtype, kSubTypeStrings[mFilterSubtype]);
+   parms.Write(KEY_Type, kTypeStrings[mFilterType].Internal());
+   parms.Write(KEY_Subtype, kSubTypeStrings[mFilterSubtype].Internal());
    parms.Write(KEY_Order, mOrder);
    parms.WriteFloat(KEY_Cutoff, mCutoff);
    parms.WriteFloat(KEY_Passband, mRipple);
diff --git a/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp b/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp
index 661fa9447..8dc8fd63b 100644
--- a/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ enum kInterpolations
    nInterpolations
 };
 
-static const wxString kInterStrings[nInterpolations] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kInterStrings[nInterpolations] =
 {
-   XO("Linear"),
-   XO("Logarithmic")
+   { XO("Linear") },
+   { XO("Logarithmic") }
 };
 
 enum kWaveforms
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ enum kWaveforms
    nWaveforms
 };
 
-static const wxString kWaveStrings[nWaveforms] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kWaveStrings[nWaveforms] =
 {
-   XO("Sine"),
-   XO("Square"),
-   XO("Sawtooth"),
-   XO("Square, no alias")
+   { XO("Sine") },
+   { XO("Square") },
+   { XO("Sawtooth") },
+   { XO("Square, no alias") }
 };
 
 // Define keys, defaults, minimums, and maximums for the effect parameters
@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ bool EffectToneGen::GetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
       parms.Write(KEY_Amplitude, mAmplitude[0]);
    }
 
-   parms.Write(KEY_Waveform, kWaveStrings[mWaveform]);
-   parms.Write(KEY_Interp, kInterStrings[mInterpolation]);
+   parms.Write(KEY_Waveform, kWaveStrings[mWaveform].Internal());
+   parms.Write(KEY_Interp, kInterStrings[mInterpolation].Internal());
 
    return true;
 }
diff --git a/src/effects/TruncSilence.cpp b/src/effects/TruncSilence.cpp
index 629751a65..c7e67332a 100644
--- a/src/effects/TruncSilence.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/TruncSilence.cpp
@@ -38,23 +38,23 @@ class Enums {
 public:
    static const size_t    NumDbChoices;
    static const double Db2Signal[];
-   static const wxString DbChoices[];
+   static const IdentInterfaceSymbol DbChoices[];
 };
 
-const wxString Enums::DbChoices[] = {
-   wxT("-20 dB"),
-   wxT("-25 dB"),
-   wxT("-30 dB"),
-   wxT("-35 dB"),
-   wxT("-40 dB"),
-   wxT("-45 dB"),
-   wxT("-50 dB"),
-   wxT("-55 dB"),
-   wxT("-60 dB"),
-   wxT("-65 dB"),
-   wxT("-70 dB"),
-   wxT("-75 dB"),
-   wxT("-80 dB")
+const IdentInterfaceSymbol Enums::DbChoices[] = {
+   { wxT("-20 dB") },
+   { wxT("-25 dB") },
+   { wxT("-30 dB") },
+   { wxT("-35 dB") },
+   { wxT("-40 dB") },
+   { wxT("-45 dB") },
+   { wxT("-50 dB") },
+   { wxT("-55 dB") },
+   { wxT("-60 dB") },
+   { wxT("-65 dB") },
+   { wxT("-70 dB") },
+   { wxT("-75 dB") },
+   { wxT("-80 dB") }
 };
 
 const double Enums::Db2Signal[] =
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ enum kActions
    nActions
 };
 
-static const wxString kActionStrings[nActions] =
+static const IdentInterfaceSymbol kActionStrings[nActions] =
 {
-   XO("Truncate Detected Silence"),
-   XO("Compress Excess Silence")
+   { XO("Truncate Detected Silence") },
+   { XO("Compress Excess Silence") }
 };
 
 static CommandParameters::ObsoleteMap kObsoleteActions[] = {
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ bool EffectTruncSilence::DefineParams( ShuttleParams & S ){
 
 bool EffectTruncSilence::GetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
 {
-   parms.Write(KEY_DbIndex, Enums::DbChoices[mTruncDbChoiceIndex]);
-   parms.Write(KEY_ActIndex, kActionStrings[mActionIndex]);
+   parms.Write(KEY_DbIndex, Enums::DbChoices[mTruncDbChoiceIndex].Internal());
+   parms.Write(KEY_ActIndex, kActionStrings[mActionIndex].Internal());
    parms.Write(KEY_Minimum, mInitialAllowedSilence);
    parms.Write(KEY_Truncate, mTruncLongestAllowedSilence);
    parms.Write(KEY_Compress, mSilenceCompressPercent);
diff --git a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp
index 5a640040a..ce925ffda 100644
--- a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.cpp
@@ -1481,16 +1481,16 @@ wxString NyquistEffect::EscapeString(const wxString & inStr)
    return str;
 }
 
-wxArrayString NyquistEffect::ParseChoice(const wxString & text)
+std::vector<IdentInterfaceSymbol> NyquistEffect::ParseChoice(const wxString & text)
 {
+   std::vector<IdentInterfaceSymbol> results;
    if (text[0] == wxT('(')) {
       // New style:  expecting a Lisp-like list of strings
       Tokenizer tzer;
       tzer.Tokenize(text, true, 1, 1);
       auto &choices = tzer.tokens;
       for (auto &choice : choices)
-         choice = UnQuote(choice);
-      return choices;
+         results.push_back( { UnQuote(choice) } );
    }
    else {
       // Old style: expecting a comma-separated list of
@@ -1501,9 +1501,9 @@ wxArrayString NyquistEffect::ParseChoice(const wxString & text)
          wxT(",")
       );
       for (auto &choice : choices)
-         choice = choice.Trim(true).Trim(false);
-      return choices;
+         results.push_back( { choice.Trim(true).Trim(false) } );
    }
+   return results;
 }
 
 void NyquistEffect::RedirectOutput()
@@ -2266,7 +2266,7 @@ bool NyquistEffect::TransferDataToEffectWindow()
 
       if (ctrl.type == NYQ_CTRL_CHOICE)
       {
-         const auto count = ctrl.choices.GetCount();
+         const auto count = ctrl.choices.size();
 
          int val = (int)ctrl.val;
          if (val < 0 || val >= (int)count)
@@ -2430,7 +2430,8 @@ void NyquistEffect::BuildEffectWindow(ShuttleGui & S)
             {
                S.AddSpace(10, 10);
 
-               auto choices = LocalizedStrings(ctrl.choices);
+               auto choices =
+                  LocalizedStrings(ctrl.choices.data(), ctrl.choices.size());
                S.Id(ID_Choice + i).AddChoice( {}, wxT(""), &choices);
             }
             else
diff --git a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h
index dab4c5b12..0836eaf4f 100644
--- a/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h
+++ b/src/effects/nyquist/Nyquist.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public:
    wxString var;
    wxString name;
    wxString label;
-   wxArrayString choices; // translatable
+   std::vector<IdentInterfaceSymbol> choices;
    wxString valStr;
    wxString lowStr;
    wxString highStr;
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ private:
 
    static wxString NyquistToWxString(const char *nyqString);
    wxString EscapeString(const wxString & inStr);
-   static wxArrayString ParseChoice(const wxString & text);
+   static std::vector<IdentInterfaceSymbol> ParseChoice(const wxString & text);
 
    static int StaticGetCallback(float *buffer, int channel,
                                 long start, long len, long totlen,
diff --git a/src/effects/vamp/VampEffect.cpp b/src/effects/vamp/VampEffect.cpp
index 6ed5d360d..10ea1ceeb 100644
--- a/src/effects/vamp/VampEffect.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/vamp/VampEffect.cpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ bool VampEffect::GetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
                mParameters[p].quantizeStep == 1.0 &&
                !mParameters[p].valueNames.empty())
       {
-         wxArrayString choices;
+         std::vector<IdentInterfaceSymbol> choices;
          int val = 0;
 
          for (size_t i = 0, cnt = mParameters[p].valueNames.size(); i < cnt; i++)
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ bool VampEffect::SetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
                mParameters[p].quantizeStep == 1.0 &&
                !mParameters[p].valueNames.empty())
       {
-         wxArrayString choices;
+         std::vector<IdentInterfaceSymbol> choices;
          int val;
 
          for (size_t i = 0, cnt = mParameters[p].valueNames.size(); i < cnt; i++)
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ bool VampEffect::SetAutomationParameters(CommandParameters & parms)
                mParameters[p].quantizeStep == 1.0 &&
                !mParameters[p].valueNames.empty())
       {
-         wxArrayString choices;
+         std::vector<IdentInterfaceSymbol> choices;
          int val = 0;
 
          for (size_t i = 0, cnt = mParameters[p].valueNames.size(); i < cnt; i++)