diff --git a/src/FreqWindow.cpp b/src/FreqWindow.cpp
index 63224bddb..89065d270 100644
--- a/src/FreqWindow.cpp
+++ b/src/FreqWindow.cpp
@@ -280,17 +280,16 @@ FreqWindow::FreqWindow(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id,
 
       S.StartVerticalLay(2);
       {
-         vRuler = safenew RulerPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
-         vRuler->ruler.SetBounds(0, 0, 100, 100); // Ruler can't handle small sizes
-         vRuler->ruler.SetOrientation(wxVERTICAL);
-         vRuler->ruler.SetRange(0.0, -dBRange);
-         vRuler->ruler.SetFormat(Ruler::LinearDBFormat);
-         vRuler->ruler.SetUnits(_("dB"));
-         vRuler->ruler.SetLabelEdges(true);
-         int w;
-         vRuler->ruler.GetMaxSize(&w, NULL);
-         vRuler->SetMinSize(wxSize(w, 150));  // height needed for wxGTK
-         vRuler->SetTickColour( theTheme.Colour( clrGraphLabels ));
+         vRuler = safenew RulerPanel(
+            this, wxID_ANY, wxVERTICAL,
+            wxSize{ 100, 100 }, // Ruler can't handle small sizes
+            RulerPanel::Range{ 0.0, -dBRange },
+            Ruler::LinearDBFormat,
+            _("dB"),
+            RulerPanel::Options{}
+               .LabelEdges(true)
+               .TickColour( theTheme.Colour( clrGraphLabels ) )
+         );
 
          S.AddSpace(wxDefaultCoord, 1);
          S.Prop(1);
@@ -299,7 +298,7 @@ FreqWindow::FreqWindow(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id,
       }
       S.EndVerticalLay();
 
-      mFreqPlot = safenew FreqPlot(this);
+      mFreqPlot = safenew FreqPlot(this, wxID_ANY);
       mFreqPlot->SetMinSize(wxSize(wxDefaultCoord, FREQ_WINDOW_HEIGHT));
       S.Prop(1);
       S.AddWindow(mFreqPlot, wxEXPAND);
@@ -348,19 +347,18 @@ FreqWindow::FreqWindow(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id,
 
       S.StartHorizontalLay(wxEXPAND, 0);
       {
-         hRuler  = safenew RulerPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
-         hRuler->ruler.SetBounds(0, 0, 100, 100); // Ruler can't handle small sizes
-         hRuler->ruler.SetOrientation(wxHORIZONTAL);
-         hRuler->ruler.SetLog(true);
-         hRuler->ruler.SetRange(10, 20000);
-         hRuler->ruler.SetFormat(Ruler::RealFormat);
-         hRuler->ruler.SetUnits(_("Hz"));
-         hRuler->ruler.SetFlip(true);
-         hRuler->ruler.SetLabelEdges(true);
-         int h;
-         hRuler->ruler.GetMaxSize(NULL, &h);
-         hRuler->SetMinSize(wxSize(wxDefaultCoord, h));
-         hRuler->SetTickColour( theTheme.Colour( clrGraphLabels ));
+         hRuler  = safenew RulerPanel(
+            this, wxID_ANY, wxHORIZONTAL,
+            wxSize{ 100, 100 }, // Ruler can't handle small sizes
+            RulerPanel::Range{ 10, 20000 },
+            Ruler::RealFormat,
+            _("Hz"),
+            RulerPanel::Options{}
+               .Log(true)
+               .Flip(true)
+               .LabelEdges(true)
+               .TickColour( theTheme.Colour( clrGraphLabels ) )
+         );
 
          S.AddSpace(1, wxDefaultCoord);
          S.Prop(1);
@@ -483,7 +481,7 @@ FreqWindow::FreqWindow(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id,
 
    S.AddSpace(5);
 
-   mProgress = safenew FreqGauge(this); //, wxID_ANY, wxST_SIZEGRIP);
+   mProgress = safenew FreqGauge(this, wxID_ANY); //, wxST_SIZEGRIP);
    S.AddWindow(mProgress, wxEXPAND);
 
    // Log-frequency axis works for spectrum plots only.
@@ -1111,8 +1109,8 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(FreqPlot, wxWindow)
    EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS(FreqPlot::OnMouseEvent)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-FreqPlot::FreqPlot(wxWindow *parent)
-:  wxWindow(parent, wxID_ANY)
+FreqPlot::FreqPlot(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  wxWindow(parent, winid)
 {
    freqWindow = (FreqWindow *) parent;
 }
@@ -1137,8 +1135,8 @@ void FreqPlot::OnMouseEvent(wxMouseEvent & event)
    freqWindow->PlotMouseEvent(event);
 }
 
-FreqGauge::FreqGauge(wxWindow * parent)
-:  wxStatusBar(parent, wxID_ANY, wxST_SIZEGRIP)
+FreqGauge::FreqGauge(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  wxStatusBar(parent, winid, wxST_SIZEGRIP)
 {
    mRange = 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/FreqWindow.h b/src/FreqWindow.h
index c99125d1c..98ded8968 100644
--- a/src/FreqWindow.h
+++ b/src/FreqWindow.h
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ private:
 class FreqGauge final : public wxStatusBar
 {
 public:
-   FreqGauge(wxWindow * parent);
+   FreqGauge(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
 
    void SetRange(int range, int bar = 12, int gap = 3);
    void SetValue(int value);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ private:
 class FreqPlot final : public wxWindow
 {
 public:
-   FreqPlot(wxWindow *parent);
+   FreqPlot(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid);
 
    // We don't need or want to accept focus.
    bool AcceptsFocus() const;
diff --git a/src/MixerBoard.cpp b/src/MixerBoard.cpp
index 9272000ae..37e726106 100644
--- a/src/MixerBoard.cpp
+++ b/src/MixerBoard.cpp
@@ -62,13 +62,8 @@ MixerTrackSlider::MixerTrackSlider(wxWindow * parent,
                                     const wxString &name,
                                     const wxPoint & pos,
                                     const wxSize & size,
-                                    int style /*= FRAC_SLIDER*/,
-                                    bool popup /*= true*/,
-                                    bool canUseShift /*= true*/,
-                                    float stepValue /*= STEP_CONTINUOUS*/,
-                                    int orientation /*= wxHORIZONTAL*/)
-: ASlider(parent, id, name, pos, size,
-            style, popup, canUseShift, stepValue, orientation)
+                                    const ASlider::Options &options)
+: ASlider(parent, id, name, pos, size, options)
 {
 }
 
@@ -209,8 +204,10 @@ MixerTrackCluster::MixerTrackCluster(wxWindow* parent,
             this, ID_SLIDER_GAIN,
             /* i18n-hint: title of the Gain slider, used to adjust the volume */
             _("Gain"),
-            ctrlPos, ctrlSize, DB_SLIDER, true,
-            true, 0.0, wxVERTICAL);
+            ctrlPos, ctrlSize,
+            ASlider::Options{}
+               .Style( DB_SLIDER )
+               .Orientation( wxVERTICAL ));
    mSlider_Gain->SetName(_("Gain"));
    this->UpdateGain();
 #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_MIDI_OUT
@@ -219,8 +216,10 @@ MixerTrackCluster::MixerTrackCluster(wxWindow* parent,
             this, ID_SLIDER_VELOCITY,
             /* i18n-hint: title of the MIDI Velocity slider */
             _("Velocity"),
-            ctrlPos, ctrlSize, VEL_SLIDER, true,
-            true, 0.0, wxVERTICAL);
+            ctrlPos, ctrlSize,
+            ASlider::Options{}
+               .Style( VEL_SLIDER )
+               .Orientation( wxVERTICAL ));
    mSlider_Velocity->SetName(_("Velocity"));
    this->UpdateVelocity();
 #endif
@@ -254,7 +253,8 @@ MixerTrackCluster::MixerTrackCluster(wxWindow* parent,
             this, ID_SLIDER_PAN,
             /* i18n-hint: Title of the Pan slider, used to move the sound left or right */
             _("Pan"),
-            ctrlPos, ctrlSize, PAN_SLIDER, true);
+            ctrlPos, ctrlSize,
+            ASlider::Options{}.Style( PAN_SLIDER ));
    mSlider_Pan->SetName(_("Pan"));
 
    this->UpdatePan();
diff --git a/src/MixerBoard.h b/src/MixerBoard.h
index b1d63ab18..1f77eab3c 100644
--- a/src/MixerBoard.h
+++ b/src/MixerBoard.h
@@ -39,11 +39,7 @@ public:
                      const wxString &name,
                      const wxPoint & pos,
                      const wxSize & size,
-                     int style = FRAC_SLIDER,
-                     bool popup = true,
-                     bool canUseShift = true,
-                     float stepValue = STEP_CONTINUOUS,
-                     int orientation = wxHORIZONTAL);
+                     const ASlider::Options &options = ASlider::Options{});
    virtual ~MixerTrackSlider() {}
 
    void OnMouseEvent(wxMouseEvent & event);
diff --git a/src/TimeDialog.cpp b/src/TimeDialog.cpp
index 9d457a4cd..bb4c35310 100644
--- a/src/TimeDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/TimeDialog.cpp
@@ -56,17 +56,15 @@ void TimeDialog::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui &S)
       {
          mTimeCtrl = safenew
             NumericTextCtrl(
-               NumericConverter::TIME, this,
-                         wxID_ANY,
+               this, wxID_ANY,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          mFormat,
                          mTime,
                          mRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                            .AutoPos(true));
          mTimeCtrl->SetName(mPrompt);
          S.AddWindow(mTimeCtrl);
-         mTimeCtrl->EnableMenu();
       }
       S.EndStatic();
    }
diff --git a/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp b/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp
index 3216d608b..1a2ca2941 100644
--- a/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp
@@ -793,6 +793,7 @@ void TimerRecordDialog::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui& S)
          * displayed is minutes, and the 's' indicates that the third number displayed is seconds.
          */
          wxString strFormat = _("099 h 060 m 060 s");
+         using Options = NumericTextCtrl::Options;
          S.StartStatic(_("Start Date and Time"), true);
          {
             m_pDatePickerCtrl_Start =
@@ -808,13 +809,14 @@ void TimerRecordDialog::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui& S)
             S.AddWindow(m_pDatePickerCtrl_Start);
 
             m_pTimeTextCtrl_Start = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
-               NumericConverter::TIME, this, ID_TIMETEXT_START);
+               this, ID_TIMETEXT_START, NumericConverter::TIME,
+               wxEmptyString, 0, 44100,
+               Options{}
+                  .MenuEnabled(false)
+                  .Format(strFormat)
+                  .Value(true, wxDateTime_to_AudacityTime(m_DateTime_Start)));
             m_pTimeTextCtrl_Start->SetName(_("Start Time"));
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Start->SetFormatString(strFormat);
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Start->
-               SetValue(wxDateTime_to_AudacityTime(m_DateTime_Start));
             S.AddWindow(m_pTimeTextCtrl_Start);
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Start->EnableMenu(false);
          }
          S.EndStatic();
 
@@ -836,12 +838,14 @@ void TimerRecordDialog::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui& S)
             S.AddWindow(m_pDatePickerCtrl_End);
 
             m_pTimeTextCtrl_End = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
-               NumericConverter::TIME, this, ID_TIMETEXT_END);
+               this, ID_TIMETEXT_END, NumericConverter::TIME,
+               wxEmptyString, 0, 44100,
+               Options{}
+                  .MenuEnabled(false)
+                  .Format(strFormat)
+                  .Value(true, wxDateTime_to_AudacityTime(m_DateTime_End)));
             m_pTimeTextCtrl_End->SetName(_("End Time"));
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_End->SetFormatString(strFormat);
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_End->SetValue(wxDateTime_to_AudacityTime(m_DateTime_End));
             S.AddWindow(m_pTimeTextCtrl_End);
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_End->EnableMenu(false);
          }
          S.EndStatic();
 
@@ -856,12 +860,15 @@ void TimerRecordDialog::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui& S)
             * seconds.
             */
             wxString strFormat1 = _("099 days 024 h 060 m 060 s");
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Duration = safenew NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME, this, ID_TIMETEXT_DURATION);
+            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Duration = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
+               this, ID_TIMETEXT_DURATION, NumericConverter::TIME,
+               wxEmptyString, 0, 44100,
+               Options{}
+                  .MenuEnabled(false)
+                  .Format(strFormat1)
+                  .Value(true, m_TimeSpan_Duration.GetSeconds().ToDouble()));
             m_pTimeTextCtrl_Duration->SetName(_("Duration"));
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Duration->SetFormatString(strFormat1);
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Duration->SetValue(m_TimeSpan_Duration.GetSeconds().ToDouble());
             S.AddWindow(m_pTimeTextCtrl_Duration);
-            m_pTimeTextCtrl_Duration->EnableMenu(false);
          }
          S.EndStatic();
       }
diff --git a/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp b/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp
index c9579efcd..026b1fd7e 100644
--- a/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ void EffectAutoDuck::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
    {
       S.AddSpace(0, 5);
 
-      mPanel = safenew EffectAutoDuckPanel(S.GetParent(), this);
+      mPanel = safenew EffectAutoDuckPanel(S.GetParent(), wxID_ANY, this);
       S.AddWindow(mPanel);
 
       S.AddSpace(0, 5);
@@ -618,8 +618,9 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(EffectAutoDuckPanel, wxPanelWrapper)
    EVT_MOTION(EffectAutoDuckPanel::OnMotion)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-EffectAutoDuckPanel::EffectAutoDuckPanel(wxWindow *parent, EffectAutoDuck *effect)
-:  wxPanelWrapper(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(600, 300))
+EffectAutoDuckPanel::EffectAutoDuckPanel(
+   wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid, EffectAutoDuck *effect)
+:  wxPanelWrapper(parent, winid, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(600, 300))
 {
    mParent = parent;
    mEffect = effect;
diff --git a/src/effects/AutoDuck.h b/src/effects/AutoDuck.h
index 45aede7cd..e8be652b2 100644
--- a/src/effects/AutoDuck.h
+++ b/src/effects/AutoDuck.h
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ private:
 class EffectAutoDuckPanel final : public wxPanelWrapper
 {
 public:
-   EffectAutoDuckPanel(wxWindow *parent, EffectAutoDuck *effect);
+   EffectAutoDuckPanel(
+      wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid, EffectAutoDuck *effect);
    virtual ~EffectAutoDuckPanel();
 
 private:
diff --git a/src/effects/ChangeSpeed.cpp b/src/effects/ChangeSpeed.cpp
index 3b77df4aa..45fcb948c 100644
--- a/src/effects/ChangeSpeed.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/ChangeSpeed.cpp
@@ -369,31 +369,29 @@ void EffectChangeSpeed::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
             S.AddPrompt(_("Current Length:"));
 
             mpFromLengthCtrl = safenew
-                  NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-                                 S.GetParent(),
-                                 wxID_ANY,
+                  NumericTextCtrl(S.GetParent(), wxID_ANY,
+                                 NumericConverter::TIME,
                                  mFormat,
                                  mFromLength,
-                                 mProjectRate);
+                                 mProjectRate,
+                                 NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                                  .ReadOnly(true)
+                                  .MenuEnabled(false));
 
             mpFromLengthCtrl->SetName(_("from"));
             mpFromLengthCtrl->SetToolTip(_("Current length of selection."));
-            mpFromLengthCtrl->SetReadOnly(true);
-            mpFromLengthCtrl->EnableMenu(false);
             S.AddWindow(mpFromLengthCtrl, wxALIGN_LEFT);
 
             S.AddPrompt(_("New Length:"));
 
             mpToLengthCtrl = safenew
-                  NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-                                 S.GetParent(),
-                                 ID_ToLength,
+                  NumericTextCtrl(S.GetParent(), ID_ToLength,
+                                 NumericConverter::TIME,
                                  mFormat,
                                  mToLength,
                                  mProjectRate);
 
             mpToLengthCtrl->SetName(_("to"));
-            mpToLengthCtrl->EnableMenu();
             S.AddWindow(mpToLengthCtrl, wxALIGN_LEFT);
          }
          S.EndMultiColumn();
diff --git a/src/effects/Compressor.cpp b/src/effects/Compressor.cpp
index d2aea1329..2b60b19a7 100644
--- a/src/effects/Compressor.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Compressor.cpp
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ void EffectCompressor::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
    S.StartHorizontalLay(wxEXPAND, true);
    {
       S.SetBorder(10);
-      mPanel = safenew EffectCompressorPanel(S.GetParent(),
+      mPanel = safenew EffectCompressorPanel(S.GetParent(), wxID_ANY,
                                          mThresholdDB,
                                          mNoiseFloorDB,
                                          mRatio);
@@ -644,11 +644,11 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(EffectCompressorPanel, wxPanelWrapper)
    EVT_SIZE(EffectCompressorPanel::OnSize)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-EffectCompressorPanel::EffectCompressorPanel(wxWindow *parent,
+EffectCompressorPanel::EffectCompressorPanel(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid,
                                              double & threshold,
                                              double & noiseFloor,
                                              double & ratio)
-:  wxPanelWrapper(parent),
+:  wxPanelWrapper(parent, winid),
    threshold(threshold),
    noiseFloor(noiseFloor),
    ratio(ratio)
diff --git a/src/effects/Compressor.h b/src/effects/Compressor.h
index 76f37cbaa..ee48f5f3b 100644
--- a/src/effects/Compressor.h
+++ b/src/effects/Compressor.h
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ private:
 class EffectCompressorPanel final : public wxPanelWrapper
 {
 public:
-   EffectCompressorPanel(wxWindow *parent,
+   EffectCompressorPanel(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid,
                          double & threshold,
                          double & noiseFloor,
                          double & ratio);
diff --git a/src/effects/Contrast.cpp b/src/effects/Contrast.cpp
index 232a55efa..49051e2ce 100644
--- a/src/effects/Contrast.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Contrast.cpp
@@ -200,39 +200,36 @@ ContrastDialog::ContrastDialog(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id,
          S.AddFixedText( {} );   // spacer
          S.AddFixedText(_("Volume    "));
 
+         const auto options = NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+            .AutoPos(true)
+            .MenuEnabled(false)
+            .ReadOnly(true);
+
          //Foreground
          S.AddFixedText(_("&Foreground:"), false);
          if (S.GetMode() == eIsCreating)
          {
             mForegroundStartT = safenew
-               NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME, this,
-                         ID_FOREGROUNDSTART_T,
+               NumericTextCtrl(this, ID_FOREGROUNDSTART_T,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          _("hh:mm:ss + hundredths"),
                          0.0,
                          mProjectRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         options);
             mForegroundStartT->SetName(_("Foreground start time"));
-            mForegroundStartT->EnableMenu(false);
-            mForegroundStartT->SetReadOnly(true);
          }
          S.AddWindow(mForegroundStartT);
 
          if (S.GetMode() == eIsCreating)
          {
             mForegroundEndT = safenew
-               NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME, this,
-                         ID_FOREGROUNDEND_T,
+               NumericTextCtrl(this, ID_FOREGROUNDEND_T,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          _("hh:mm:ss + hundredths"),
                          0.0,
                          mProjectRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         options);
             mForegroundEndT->SetName(_("Foreground end time"));
-            mForegroundEndT->EnableMenu(false);
-            mForegroundEndT->SetReadOnly(true);
          }
          S.AddWindow(mForegroundEndT);
 
@@ -245,34 +242,26 @@ ContrastDialog::ContrastDialog(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id,
          if (S.GetMode() == eIsCreating)
          {
             mBackgroundStartT = safenew
-               NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME, this,
-                         ID_BACKGROUNDSTART_T,
+               NumericTextCtrl(this, ID_BACKGROUNDSTART_T,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          _("hh:mm:ss + hundredths"),
                          0.0,
                          mProjectRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         options);
             mBackgroundStartT->SetName(_("Background start time"));
-            mBackgroundStartT->EnableMenu(false);
-            mBackgroundStartT->SetReadOnly(true);
          }
          S.AddWindow(mBackgroundStartT);
 
          if (S.GetMode() == eIsCreating)
          {
             mBackgroundEndT = safenew
-               NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME, this,
-                         ID_BACKGROUNDEND_T,
+               NumericTextCtrl(this, ID_BACKGROUNDEND_T,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          _("hh:mm:ss + hundredths"),
                          0.0,
                          mProjectRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         options);
             mBackgroundEndT->SetName(_("Background end time"));
-            mBackgroundEndT->EnableMenu(false);
-            mBackgroundEndT->SetReadOnly(true);
          }
          S.AddWindow(mBackgroundEndT);
 
diff --git a/src/effects/DtmfGen.cpp b/src/effects/DtmfGen.cpp
index 99a5fba22..86a919c65 100644
--- a/src/effects/DtmfGen.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/DtmfGen.cpp
@@ -326,17 +326,14 @@ void EffectDtmf::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 
       S.AddPrompt(_("Duration:"));
       mDtmfDurationT = safenew
-         NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-                         S.GetParent(),
-                         ID_Duration,
+         NumericTextCtrl(S.GetParent(), ID_Duration,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          GetDurationFormat(),
                          GetDuration(),
                          mProjectRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                            .AutoPos(true));
       mDtmfDurationT->SetName(_("Duration"));
-      mDtmfDurationT->EnableMenu();
       S.AddWindow(mDtmfDurationT);
 
       S.AddFixedText(_("Tone/silence ratio:"), false);
diff --git a/src/effects/Equalization.cpp b/src/effects/Equalization.cpp
index b5e703baf..b9a5aa655 100644
--- a/src/effects/Equalization.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Equalization.cpp
@@ -623,18 +623,17 @@ void EffectEqualization::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
          // -------------------------------------------------------------------
          S.StartVerticalLay();
          {
-            mdBRuler = safenew RulerPanel(parent, wxID_ANY);
-            mdBRuler->ruler.SetBounds(0, 0, 100, 100); // Ruler can't handle small sizes
-            mdBRuler->ruler.SetOrientation(wxVERTICAL);
-            mdBRuler->ruler.SetRange(60.0, -120.0);
-            mdBRuler->ruler.SetFormat(Ruler::LinearDBFormat);
-            mdBRuler->ruler.SetUnits(_("dB"));
-            mdBRuler->ruler.SetLabelEdges(true);
-            mdBRuler->ruler.mbTicksAtExtremes = true;
-            int w;
-            mdBRuler->ruler.GetMaxSize(&w, NULL);
-            mdBRuler->SetMinSize(wxSize(w, 150));  // height needed for wxGTK
-            mdBRuler->ruler.SetTickColour( wxColour(0,0,0) );
+            mdBRuler = safenew RulerPanel(
+               parent, wxID_ANY, wxVERTICAL,
+               wxSize{ 100, 100 }, // Ruler can't handle small sizes
+               RulerPanel::Range{ 60.0, -120.0 },
+               Ruler::LinearDBFormat,
+               _("dB"),
+               RulerPanel::Options{}
+                  .LabelEdges(true)
+                  .TicksAtExtremes(true)
+                  .TickColour( { 0, 0, 0 } )
+            );
 
             S.Prop(1);
             S.AddSpace(0, 1);
@@ -643,7 +642,7 @@ void EffectEqualization::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
          }
          S.EndVerticalLay();
 
-         mPanel = safenew EqualizationPanel(this, parent);
+         mPanel = safenew EqualizationPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, this);
          S.Prop(1);
          S.AddWindow(mPanel, wxEXPAND | wxALIGN_LEFT | wxALIGN_TOP);
          S.SetSizeHints(wxDefaultCoord, wxDefaultCoord);
@@ -677,20 +676,19 @@ void EffectEqualization::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
          // Column 1 is empty
          S.AddSpace(1, 1);
 
-         mFreqRuler  = safenew RulerPanel(parent, wxID_ANY);
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetBounds(0, 0, 100, 100); // Ruler can't handle small sizes
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetOrientation(wxHORIZONTAL);
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetLog(true);
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetRange(mLoFreq, mHiFreq);
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetFormat(Ruler::IntFormat);
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetUnits(_("Hz"));
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetFlip(true);
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetLabelEdges(true);
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.mbTicksAtExtremes = true;
-         int h;
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.GetMaxSize(NULL, &h);
-         mFreqRuler->SetMinSize(wxSize(wxDefaultCoord, h));
-         mFreqRuler->ruler.SetTickColour( wxColour(0,0,0) );
+         mFreqRuler  = safenew RulerPanel(
+            parent, wxID_ANY, wxHORIZONTAL,
+            wxSize{ 100, 100 }, // Ruler can't handle small sizes
+            RulerPanel::Range{ mLoFreq, mHiFreq },
+            Ruler::IntFormat,
+            _("Hz"),
+            RulerPanel::Options{}
+               .Log(true)
+               .Flip(true)
+               .LabelEdges(true)
+               .TicksAtExtremes(true)
+               .TickColour( { 0, 0, 0 } )
+         );
 
 
          S.Prop(1);
@@ -2846,8 +2844,9 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(EqualizationPanel, wxPanelWrapper)
    EVT_SIZE(EqualizationPanel::OnSize)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-EqualizationPanel::EqualizationPanel(EffectEqualization *effect, wxWindow *parent)
-:  wxPanelWrapper(parent)
+EqualizationPanel::EqualizationPanel(
+   wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid, EffectEqualization *effect)
+:  wxPanelWrapper(parent, winid)
 {
    mParent = parent;
    mEffect = effect;
diff --git a/src/effects/Equalization.h b/src/effects/Equalization.h
index ba5d5de3b..3b4d4ac05 100644
--- a/src/effects/Equalization.h
+++ b/src/effects/Equalization.h
@@ -287,7 +287,8 @@ private:
 class EqualizationPanel final : public wxPanelWrapper
 {
 public:
-   EqualizationPanel(EffectEqualization *effect, wxWindow *parent);
+   EqualizationPanel(
+      wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid, EffectEqualization *effect);
    ~EqualizationPanel();
 
    // We don't need or want to accept focus.
diff --git a/src/effects/Noise.cpp b/src/effects/Noise.cpp
index ceed54ead..3e1f380de 100644
--- a/src/effects/Noise.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Noise.cpp
@@ -231,17 +231,14 @@ void EffectNoise::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 
       S.AddPrompt(_("Duration:"));
       mNoiseDurationT = safenew
-         NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-                         S.GetParent(),
-                         wxID_ANY,
+         NumericTextCtrl(S.GetParent(), wxID_ANY,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          GetDurationFormat(),
                          GetDuration(),
                          mProjectRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                            .AutoPos(true));
       mNoiseDurationT->SetName(_("Duration"));
-      mNoiseDurationT->EnableMenu();
       S.AddWindow(mNoiseDurationT, wxALIGN_LEFT | wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxALL);
    }
    S.EndMultiColumn();
diff --git a/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp b/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp
index 083dc988a..b68f9c216 100644
--- a/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/ScienFilter.cpp
@@ -377,16 +377,15 @@ void EffectScienFilter::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 
       S.StartVerticalLay();
       {
-         mdBRuler = safenew RulerPanel(parent, wxID_ANY);
-         mdBRuler->ruler.SetBounds(0, 0, 100, 100); // Ruler can't handle small sizes
-         mdBRuler->ruler.SetOrientation(wxVERTICAL);
-         mdBRuler->ruler.SetRange(30.0, -120.0);
-         mdBRuler->ruler.SetFormat(Ruler::LinearDBFormat);
-         mdBRuler->ruler.SetUnits(_("dB"));
-         mdBRuler->ruler.SetLabelEdges(true);
-         int w;
-         mdBRuler->ruler.GetMaxSize(&w, NULL);
-         mdBRuler->SetSize(wxSize(w, 150));  // height needed for wxGTK
+         mdBRuler = safenew RulerPanel(
+            parent, wxID_ANY, wxVERTICAL,
+            wxSize{ 100, 100 }, // Ruler can't handle small sizes
+            RulerPanel::Range{ 30.0, -120.0 },
+            Ruler::LinearDBFormat,
+            _("dB"),
+            RulerPanel::Options{}
+               .LabelEdges(true)
+         );
 
          S.SetBorder(1);
          S.AddSpace(1, 1);
@@ -396,8 +395,10 @@ void EffectScienFilter::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
       }
       S.EndVerticalLay();
 
-      mPanel = safenew EffectScienFilterPanel(this, parent);
-      mPanel->SetFreqRange(mLoFreq, mNyquist);
+      mPanel = safenew EffectScienFilterPanel(
+         parent, wxID_ANY,
+         this, mLoFreq, mNyquist
+      );
 
       S.SetBorder(5);
       S.Prop(1);
@@ -430,18 +431,17 @@ void EffectScienFilter::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 
       S.AddSpace(1, 1);
 
-      mfreqRuler  = safenew RulerPanel(parent, wxID_ANY);
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetBounds(0, 0, 100, 100); // Ruler can't handle small sizes
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetOrientation(wxHORIZONTAL);
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetLog(true);
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetRange(mLoFreq, mNyquist);
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetFormat(Ruler::IntFormat);
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetUnits(wxT(""));
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetFlip(true);
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.SetLabelEdges(true);
-      int h;
-      mfreqRuler->ruler.GetMaxSize(NULL, &h);
-      mfreqRuler->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, h));
+      mfreqRuler  = safenew RulerPanel(
+         parent, wxID_ANY, wxHORIZONTAL,
+         wxSize{ 100, 100 }, // Ruler can't handle small sizes
+         RulerPanel::Range{ mLoFreq, mNyquist },
+         Ruler::IntFormat,
+         wxT(""),
+         RulerPanel::Options{}
+            .Log(true)
+            .Flip(true)
+            .LabelEdges(true)
+      );
 
       S.Prop(1);
       S.AddWindow(mfreqRuler, wxEXPAND | wxALIGN_LEFT | wxRIGHT);
@@ -1012,8 +1012,10 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(EffectScienFilterPanel, wxPanelWrapper)
     EVT_SIZE(EffectScienFilterPanel::OnSize)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-EffectScienFilterPanel::EffectScienFilterPanel(EffectScienFilter *effect, wxWindow *parent)
-:  wxPanelWrapper(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 200))
+EffectScienFilterPanel::EffectScienFilterPanel(
+   wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid,
+   EffectScienFilter *effect, double lo, double hi)
+:  wxPanelWrapper(parent, winid, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 200))
 {
    mEffect = effect;
    mParent = parent;
@@ -1025,6 +1027,8 @@ EffectScienFilterPanel::EffectScienFilterPanel(EffectScienFilter *effect, wxWind
    mHiFreq = 0.0;
    mDbMin = 0.0;
    mDbMax = 0.0;
+
+   SetFreqRange(lo, hi);
 }
 
 EffectScienFilterPanel::~EffectScienFilterPanel()
diff --git a/src/effects/ScienFilter.h b/src/effects/ScienFilter.h
index 1e8a89cac..7cbdc9b4b 100644
--- a/src/effects/ScienFilter.h
+++ b/src/effects/ScienFilter.h
@@ -139,7 +139,9 @@ private:
 class EffectScienFilterPanel final : public wxPanelWrapper
 {
 public:
-   EffectScienFilterPanel(EffectScienFilter *effect, wxWindow *parent);
+   EffectScienFilterPanel(
+      wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid,
+      EffectScienFilter *effect, double lo, double hi);
    virtual ~EffectScienFilterPanel();
 
    // We don't need or want to accept focus.
diff --git a/src/effects/Silence.cpp b/src/effects/Silence.cpp
index 440d0e83c..831aef166 100644
--- a/src/effects/Silence.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Silence.cpp
@@ -65,17 +65,14 @@ void EffectSilence::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
       {
          S.AddPrompt(_("Duration:"));
          mDurationT = safenew
-            NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-                              S.GetParent(),
-                              wxID_ANY,
+            NumericTextCtrl(S.GetParent(), wxID_ANY,
+                              NumericConverter::TIME,
                               GetDurationFormat(),
                               GetDuration(),
-                              mProjectRate,
-                              wxDefaultPosition,
-                              wxDefaultSize,
-                              true);
+                               mProjectRate,
+                               NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                                  .AutoPos(true));
          mDurationT->SetName(_("Duration"));
-         mDurationT->EnableMenu();
          S.AddWindow(mDurationT, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL);
       }
       S.EndHorizontalLay();
diff --git a/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp b/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp
index 9ce54daf6..3caed1796 100644
--- a/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/ToneGen.cpp
@@ -406,17 +406,14 @@ void EffectToneGen::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui & S)
 
       S.AddPrompt(_("Duration:"));
       mToneDurationT = safenew
-         NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-                         S.GetParent(),
-                         wxID_ANY,
+         NumericTextCtrl(S.GetParent(), wxID_ANY,
+                         NumericConverter::TIME,
                          GetDurationFormat(),
                          GetDuration(),
                          mProjectRate,
-                         wxDefaultPosition,
-                         wxDefaultSize,
-                         true);
+                         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                            .AutoPos(true));
       mToneDurationT->SetName(_("Duration"));
-      mToneDurationT->EnableMenu();
       S.AddWindow(mToneDurationT, wxALIGN_LEFT | wxALL);
    }
    S.EndMultiColumn();
diff --git a/src/effects/VST/VSTEffect.cpp b/src/effects/VST/VSTEffect.cpp
index ec164aa86..101b24832 100644
--- a/src/effects/VST/VSTEffect.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/VST/VSTEffect.cpp
@@ -2836,17 +2836,14 @@ void VSTEffect::BuildPlain()
             wxControl *item = safenew wxStaticText(scroller, 0, _("Duration:"));
             gridSizer->Add(item, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxALIGN_RIGHT | wxALL, 5);
             mDuration = safenew
-               NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-               scroller,
-               ID_Duration,
-               mHost->GetDurationFormat(),
-               mHost->GetDuration(),
-               mSampleRate,
-               wxDefaultPosition,
-               wxDefaultSize,
-               true);
+               NumericTextCtrl(scroller, ID_Duration,
+                  NumericConverter::TIME,
+                  mHost->GetDurationFormat(),
+                  mHost->GetDuration(),
+                  mSampleRate,
+                  NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                     .AutoPos(true));
             mDuration->SetName(_("Duration"));
-            mDuration->EnableMenu();
             gridSizer->Add(mDuration, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxALL, 5);
             gridSizer->Add(1, 1, 0);
             gridSizer->Add(1, 1, 0);
diff --git a/src/effects/ladspa/LadspaEffect.cpp b/src/effects/ladspa/LadspaEffect.cpp
index 7ef28c11a..b1f3ae2fa 100644
--- a/src/effects/ladspa/LadspaEffect.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/ladspa/LadspaEffect.cpp
@@ -1210,17 +1210,14 @@ bool LadspaEffect::PopulateUI(wxWindow *parent)
             item = safenew wxStaticText(w, 0, _("Duration:"));
             gridSizer->Add(item, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxALIGN_RIGHT | wxALL, 5);
             mDuration = safenew
-               NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-               w,
-               ID_Duration,
-               mHost->GetDurationFormat(),
-               mHost->GetDuration(),
-               mSampleRate,
-               wxDefaultPosition,
-               wxDefaultSize,
-               true);
+               NumericTextCtrl(w, ID_Duration,
+                  NumericConverter::TIME,
+                  mHost->GetDurationFormat(),
+                  mHost->GetDuration(),
+                  mSampleRate,
+                  NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                     .AutoPos(true));
             mDuration->SetName(_("Duration"));
-            mDuration->EnableMenu();
             gridSizer->Add(mDuration, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxALL, 5);
             gridSizer->Add(1, 1, 0);
             gridSizer->Add(1, 1, 0);
diff --git a/src/effects/lv2/LV2Effect.cpp b/src/effects/lv2/LV2Effect.cpp
index fa4da0236..7306939c3 100644
--- a/src/effects/lv2/LV2Effect.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/lv2/LV2Effect.cpp
@@ -1566,17 +1566,14 @@ bool LV2Effect::BuildPlain()
             wxWindow *item = safenew wxStaticText(w, 0, _("&Duration:"));
             sizer->Add(item, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL, 5);
             mDuration = safenew
-               NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::TIME,
-               w,
-               ID_Duration,
-               mHost->GetDurationFormat(),
-               mHost->GetDuration(),
-               mSampleRate,
-               wxDefaultPosition,
-               wxDefaultSize,
-               true);
+               NumericTextCtrl(w, ID_Duration,
+                  NumericConverter::TIME,
+                  mHost->GetDurationFormat(),
+                  mHost->GetDuration(),
+                  mSampleRate,
+                  NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+                     .AutoPos(true));
             mDuration->SetName(_("Duration"));
-            mDuration->EnableMenu();
             sizer->Add(mDuration, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL, 5);
 
             groupSizer->Add(sizer.release(), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL, 5);
diff --git a/src/export/Export.cpp b/src/export/Export.cpp
index b1fecec08..56157ce54 100644
--- a/src/export/Export.cpp
+++ b/src/export/Export.cpp
@@ -1019,8 +1019,9 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(ExportMixerPanel, wxPanelWrapper)
     EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS(ExportMixerPanel::OnMouseEvent)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-ExportMixerPanel::ExportMixerPanel( MixerSpec *mixerSpec,
-      wxArrayString trackNames,wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
+ExportMixerPanel::ExportMixerPanel( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
+      MixerSpec *mixerSpec,
+      wxArrayString trackNames,
       const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size):
    wxPanelWrapper(parent, id, pos, size)
    , mMixerSpec{mixerSpec}
@@ -1311,8 +1312,9 @@ ExportMixerDialog::ExportMixerDialog( const TrackList *tracks, bool selectedOnly
       auto uVertSizer = std::make_unique<wxBoxSizer>(wxVERTICAL);
       vertSizer = uVertSizer.get();
 
-      wxWindow *mixerPanel = safenew ExportMixerPanel(mMixerSpec.get(), mTrackNames, this,
-         ID_MIXERPANEL, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, -1));
+      wxWindow *mixerPanel = safenew ExportMixerPanel(this, ID_MIXERPANEL,
+         mMixerSpec.get(), mTrackNames,
+         wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, -1));
       mixerPanel->SetName(_("Mixer Panel"));
       vertSizer->Add(mixerPanel, 1, wxEXPAND | wxALIGN_CENTRE | wxALL, 5);
 
diff --git a/src/export/Export.h b/src/export/Export.h
index 653c6be33..a55500180 100644
--- a/src/export/Export.h
+++ b/src/export/Export.h
@@ -233,8 +233,9 @@ private:
 class ExportMixerPanel final : public wxPanelWrapper
 {
 public:
-   ExportMixerPanel( MixerSpec *mixerSpec, wxArrayString trackNames,
-         wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
+   ExportMixerPanel( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
+         MixerSpec *mixerSpec, wxArrayString trackNames,
+         const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
          const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize);
    virtual ~ExportMixerPanel();
 
diff --git a/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.cpp
index 839afcafe..96eb74f12 100644
--- a/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(BatchPrefs, PrefsPanel)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
 /// Constructor
-BatchPrefs::BatchPrefs(wxWindow * parent):
-   PrefsPanel(parent, _("Batch"))
+BatchPrefs::BatchPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid):
+   PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Batch"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ BatchPrefs::~BatchPrefs()
 {
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *BatchPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *BatchPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew BatchPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew BatchPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.h b/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.h
index f152e471c..e2c276884 100644
--- a/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/BatchPrefs.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class BatchPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
 public:
-   BatchPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   BatchPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~BatchPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
 
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ private:
 class BatchPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.cpp
index af1b230c6..b84695a98 100644
--- a/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.cpp
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(DevicePrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_CHOICE(RecordID, DevicePrefs::OnDevice)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-DevicePrefs::DevicePrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Devices"))
+DevicePrefs::DevicePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Devices"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ wxString DevicePrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Devices_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *DevicePrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *DevicePrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew DevicePrefs(parent);
+   return safenew DevicePrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.h b/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.h
index 7ed6a7ae4..cbabe4bf2 100644
--- a/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/DevicePrefs.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class DevicePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   DevicePrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   DevicePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    virtual ~DevicePrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class DevicePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class DevicePrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.cpp
index 0f06204ee..e237f2672 100644
--- a/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.cpp
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(DirectoriesPrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_BUTTON(ChooseButtonID, DirectoriesPrefs::OnChooseTempDir)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-DirectoriesPrefs::DirectoriesPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+DirectoriesPrefs::DirectoriesPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint:  Directories, also called folders, in computer file systems */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Directories")),
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Directories")),
    mFreeSpace(NULL),
    mTempDir(NULL)
 {
@@ -273,8 +273,8 @@ wxString DirectoriesPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Directories_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *DirectoriesPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *DirectoriesPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew DirectoriesPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew DirectoriesPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.h b/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.h
index 8342bacf1..5050c2044 100644
--- a/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/DirectoriesPrefs.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class DirectoriesPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   DirectoriesPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   DirectoriesPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~DirectoriesPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    bool Validate() override;
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ class DirectoriesPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class DirectoriesPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.cpp
index 7a208baf8..d8ff7ff7f 100644
--- a/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 #include "../Experimental.h"
 #include "../Internat.h"
 
-EffectsPrefs::EffectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Effects"))
+EffectsPrefs::EffectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Effects"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ wxString EffectsPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Effects_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *EffectsPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *EffectsPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew EffectsPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew EffectsPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.h b/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.h
index ab6a25b88..05cd9a3df 100644
--- a/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/EffectsPrefs.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class EffectsPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   EffectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   EffectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~EffectsPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -38,6 +38,6 @@ class EffectsPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class EffectsPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.cpp
index 324c1e2cc..a90799879 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.cpp
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(ExtImportPrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_BUTTON(EIPMoveFilterDown,ExtImportPrefs::OnFilterMoveDown)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-ExtImportPrefs::ExtImportPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+ExtImportPrefs::ExtImportPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint:  Title of dialog governing "Extended", or "advanced,"
  * audio file import options */
-:   PrefsPanel(parent, _("Extended Import")), RuleTable(NULL),
+:   PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Extended Import")), RuleTable(NULL),
     PluginList(NULL), mCreateTable (false), mDragFocus (NULL),
     mFakeKeyEvent (false), mStopRecursiveSelection (false), last_selected (-1)
 {
@@ -811,8 +811,8 @@ void ExtImportPrefsDropTarget::OnLeave()
 {
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *ExtImportPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *ExtImportPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew ExtImportPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew ExtImportPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.h b/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.h
index 6b49e01a3..1df4fff08 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/ExtImportPrefs.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ private:
 class ExtImportPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   ExtImportPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   ExtImportPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~ExtImportPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -111,6 +111,6 @@ class ExtImportPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class ExtImportPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.cpp
index 891562ffa..3b56f2694 100644
--- a/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.cpp
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@
 #include "../AColor.h"
 #include "../Internat.h"
 
-GUIPrefs::GUIPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+GUIPrefs::GUIPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint: refers to Audacity's user interface settings */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Interface"))
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Interface"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ wxString GUIPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Interface_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *GUIPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *GUIPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew GUIPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew GUIPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.h b/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.h
index f7424c8ad..93839f347 100644
--- a/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/GUIPrefs.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class GUIPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   GUIPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   GUIPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~GUIPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ class GUIPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class GUIPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.cpp
index 8a7d7d336..65f5444fd 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include "ImportExportPrefs.h"
 #include "../Internat.h"
 
-ImportExportPrefs::ImportExportPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:   PrefsPanel(parent, _("Import / Export"))
+ImportExportPrefs::ImportExportPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:   PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Import / Export"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ wxString ImportExportPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Import_-_Export_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *ImportExportPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *ImportExportPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew ImportExportPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew ImportExportPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.h b/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.h
index 7e7079301..d6fbccee7 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/ImportExportPrefs.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class ImportExportPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   ImportExportPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   ImportExportPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~ImportExportPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ class ImportExportPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class ImportExportPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.cpp
index e8826ccf4..33ef631be 100644
--- a/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.cpp
@@ -72,9 +72,10 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(KeyConfigPrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_TIMER(FilterTimerID, KeyConfigPrefs::OnFilterTimer)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-KeyConfigPrefs::KeyConfigPrefs(wxWindow * parent, const wxString &name)
+KeyConfigPrefs::KeyConfigPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid,
+                               const wxString &name)
 /* i18n-hint: as in computer keyboard (not musical!) */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Keyboard")),
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Keyboard")),
    mView(NULL),
    mKey(NULL),
    mFilter(NULL),
@@ -749,9 +750,9 @@ wxString KeyConfigPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Keyboard_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *KeyConfigPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *KeyConfigPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   auto result = safenew KeyConfigPrefs{ parent, mName };
+   auto result = safenew KeyConfigPrefs{ parent, winid, mName };
    return result;
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.h b/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.h
index fe49e9e3c..19f66233e 100644
--- a/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/KeyConfigPrefs.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class wxStaticText;
 class KeyConfigPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
 public:
-   KeyConfigPrefs(wxWindow * parent, const wxString &name);
+   KeyConfigPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid, const wxString &name);
    ~KeyConfigPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    void Cancel() override;
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ class KeyConfigPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 public:
    KeyConfigPrefsFactory(const wxString &name = wxString{})
       : mName{ name } {}
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
-   
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
+
 private:
    wxString mName;
 };
diff --git a/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.cpp
index 3b61da3b1..551162437 100644
--- a/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.cpp
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(LibraryPrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_BUTTON(ID_FFMPEG_DOWN_BUTTON, LibraryPrefs::OnFFmpegDownButton)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-LibraryPrefs::LibraryPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+LibraryPrefs::LibraryPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18-hint: refers to optional plug-in software libraries */
-:   PrefsPanel(parent, _("Libraries"))
+:   PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Libraries"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ wxString LibraryPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Libraries_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *LibraryPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *LibraryPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew LibraryPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew LibraryPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.h b/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.h
index 2e789445b..ed903965d 100644
--- a/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/LibraryPrefs.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class LibraryPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   LibraryPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   LibraryPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~LibraryPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ class LibraryPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class LibraryPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.cpp
index 891b61e4b..9f337613c 100644
--- a/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.cpp
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MidiIOPrefs, PrefsPanel)
 //   EVT_CHOICE(RecordID, MidiIOPrefs::OnDevice)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-MidiIOPrefs::MidiIOPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+MidiIOPrefs::MidiIOPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint: untranslatable acronym for "Musical Instrument Device Interface" */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("MIDI Devices"))
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("MIDI Devices"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -296,10 +296,10 @@ wxString MidiIOPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "MIDI_Devices_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *MidiIOPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *MidiIOPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew MidiIOPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew MidiIOPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.h b/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.h
index 149231bd1..c25e6ed61 100644
--- a/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/MidiIOPrefs.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class MidiIOPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   MidiIOPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   MidiIOPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    virtual ~MidiIOPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    bool Validate() override;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class MidiIOPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class MidiIOPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.cpp
index a9b908d0f..59f502609 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.cpp
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ with names like mnod-script-pipe that add NEW features.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /* i18n-hint: Modules are optional extensions to Audacity that add NEW features.*/
-ModulePrefs::ModulePrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Modules"))
+ModulePrefs::ModulePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Modules"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ wxString ModulePrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Modules_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *ModulePrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *ModulePrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew ModulePrefs(parent);
+   return safenew ModulePrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.h b/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.h
index d72da62fe..65455b681 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/ModulePrefs.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ enum {
 class ModulePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   ModulePrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   ModulePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~ModulePrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ class ModulePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class ModulePrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/MousePrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/MousePrefs.cpp
index 725c3206f..a4821304b 100644
--- a/src/prefs/MousePrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/MousePrefs.cpp
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ enum
 #endif
 
 /// Constructor
-MousePrefs::MousePrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Mouse"))
+MousePrefs::MousePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Mouse"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ wxString MousePrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Mouse_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *MousePrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *MousePrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew MousePrefs(parent);
+   return safenew MousePrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/MousePrefs.h b/src/prefs/MousePrefs.h
index 00088b20d..2194965c6 100644
--- a/src/prefs/MousePrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/MousePrefs.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class MousePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   MousePrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   MousePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~MousePrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ class MousePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class MousePrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.cpp
index 1b215d230..a336c4ecc 100644
--- a/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 #include "../Prefs.h"
 #include "../Internat.h"
 
-PlaybackPrefs::PlaybackPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Playback"))
+PlaybackPrefs::PlaybackPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Playback"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ wxString PlaybackPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Playback_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *PlaybackPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *PlaybackPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew PlaybackPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew PlaybackPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.h b/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.h
index e90596d31..eda0c14c2 100644
--- a/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/PlaybackPrefs.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class PlaybackPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   PlaybackPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   PlaybackPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    virtual ~PlaybackPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class PlaybackPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class PlaybackPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/PrefsDialog.cpp b/src/prefs/PrefsDialog.cpp
index d7c1b9267..d550771e3 100644
--- a/src/prefs/PrefsDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/PrefsDialog.cpp
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ PrefsDialog::PrefsDialog
                {
                   const PrefsNode &node = *it;
                   PrefsPanelFactory &factory = *node.pFactory;
-                  wxWindow *const w = factory.Create(mCategories);
+                  wxWindow *const w = factory(mCategories, wxID_ANY);
                   if (stack.empty())
                      // Parameters are: AddPage(page, name, IsSelected, imageId).
                      mCategories->AddPage(w, w->GetName(), false, 0);
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ PrefsDialog::PrefsDialog
          // Unique page, don't show the factory
          const PrefsNode &node = factories[0];
          PrefsPanelFactory &factory = *node.pFactory;
-         mUniquePage = factory.Create(this);
+         mUniquePage = factory(this, wxID_ANY);
          wxWindow * uniquePageWindow = S.Prop(1).AddWindow(mUniquePage, wxEXPAND);
          // We're not in the wxTreebook, so add the accelerator here
          wxAcceleratorEntry entries[1];
diff --git a/src/prefs/PrefsPanel.h b/src/prefs/PrefsPanel.h
index d5680defb..bd69fedc8 100644
--- a/src/prefs/PrefsPanel.h
+++ b/src/prefs/PrefsPanel.h
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ ThemePrefs.
 class PrefsPanel /* not final */ : public wxPanelWrapper
 {
  public:
-   PrefsPanel(wxWindow * parent, const wxString &title)
-   :  wxPanelWrapper(parent, wxID_ANY)
+   PrefsPanel(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid, const wxString &title)
+   :  wxPanelWrapper(parent, winid)
    {
       SetLabel(title);     // Provide visual label
       SetName(title);      // Provide audible label
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class PrefsPanelFactory /* not final */
 {
 public:
    // Precondition: parent != NULL
-   virtual PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) = 0;
+   virtual PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) = 0;
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.cpp
index e38f9c7e8..f2ba4dea0 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.cpp
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ handling.
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-ProjectsPrefs::ProjectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:   PrefsPanel(parent,
+ProjectsPrefs::ProjectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:   PrefsPanel(parent, winid,
    /* i18n-hint: (noun) i.e Audacity projects. */
                _("Projects"))
 {
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ wxString ProjectsPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Projects_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *ProjectsPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *ProjectsPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew ProjectsPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew ProjectsPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.h b/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.h
index 3a6608f8f..9780d64cf 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/ProjectsPrefs.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class ProjectsPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   ProjectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   ProjectsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~ProjectsPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ class ProjectsPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class ProjectsPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.cpp
index 08d28ab4f..9331475c7 100644
--- a/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.cpp
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(QualityPrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_CHOICE(ID_SAMPLE_RATE_CHOICE, QualityPrefs::OnSampleRateChoice)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-QualityPrefs::QualityPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+QualityPrefs::QualityPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint: meaning accuracy in reproduction of sounds */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Quality"))
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Quality"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -240,8 +240,8 @@ wxString QualityPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Quality_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *QualityPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *QualityPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew QualityPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew QualityPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.h b/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.h
index 27e2d0da5..9fcf445c4 100644
--- a/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/QualityPrefs.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class QualityPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   QualityPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   QualityPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    virtual ~QualityPrefs();
 
    bool Commit() override;
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@ class QualityPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class QualityPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.cpp
index 9ae602fc2..7bb6161ad 100644
--- a/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.cpp
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(RecordingPrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_CHECKBOX(UseCustomTrackNameID, RecordingPrefs::OnToggleCustomName)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-RecordingPrefs::RecordingPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Recording"))
+RecordingPrefs::RecordingPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Recording"))
 {
    gPrefs->Read(wxT("/GUI/TrackNames/RecordingNameCustom"), &mUseCustomTrackName, false);
    mOldNameChoice = mUseCustomTrackName;
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ wxString RecordingPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Recording_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *RecordingPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *RecordingPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew RecordingPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew RecordingPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.h b/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.h
index f395d5f60..a64d4829a 100644
--- a/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/RecordingPrefs.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class RecordingPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   RecordingPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   RecordingPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    virtual ~RecordingPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -44,6 +44,6 @@ class RecordingPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class RecordingPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.cpp
index 47078ea78..b9a04fcf2 100644
--- a/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #include "../Experimental.h"
 #include "../widgets/ErrorDialog.h"
 
-SpectrumPrefs::SpectrumPrefs(wxWindow * parent, WaveTrack *wt)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, wt ? _("Spectrogram Settings") : _("Spectrograms"))
+SpectrumPrefs::SpectrumPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid, WaveTrack *wt)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, wt ? _("Spectrogram Settings") : _("Spectrograms"))
 , mWt(wt)
 , mPopulating(false)
 {
@@ -585,8 +585,8 @@ SpectrumPrefsFactory::SpectrumPrefsFactory(WaveTrack *wt)
 {
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *SpectrumPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *SpectrumPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew SpectrumPrefs(parent, mWt);
+   return safenew SpectrumPrefs(parent, winid, mWt);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.h b/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.h
index ac4c7caca..b225d70b2 100644
--- a/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/SpectrumPrefs.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class WaveTrack;
 class SpectrumPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   SpectrumPrefs(wxWindow * parent, WaveTrack *wt);
+   SpectrumPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid, WaveTrack *wt);
    virtual ~SpectrumPrefs();
    void Preview() override;
    bool Commit() override;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class SpectrumPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
    explicit SpectrumPrefsFactory(WaveTrack *wt = 0);
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 
 private:
    WaveTrack *const mWt;
diff --git a/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.cpp
index 48ff4d823..7ad59d7f1 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.cpp
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(ThemePrefs, PrefsPanel)
    EVT_BUTTON(idSaveThemeAsCode,     ThemePrefs::OnSaveThemeAsCode)
 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
-ThemePrefs::ThemePrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+ThemePrefs::ThemePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint: A theme is a consistent visual style across an application's
  graphical user interface, including choices of colors, and similarity of images
  such as those on button controls.  Audacity can load and save alternative
  themes. */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Theme"))
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Theme"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ bool ThemePrefs::Commit()
    return true;
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *ThemePrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *ThemePrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew ThemePrefs(parent);
+   return safenew ThemePrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.h b/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.h
index f91152657..cefec0892 100644
--- a/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/ThemePrefs.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class ThemePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   ThemePrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   ThemePrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~ThemePrefs(void);
    bool Commit() override;
 
@@ -44,6 +44,6 @@ class ThemePrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class ThemePrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.cpp
index 62e9aff83..edc736ba9 100644
--- a/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
 #include "../Experimental.h"
 #include "../Internat.h"
 
-TracksBehaviorsPrefs::TracksBehaviorsPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+TracksBehaviorsPrefs::TracksBehaviorsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint: two nouns */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Tracks Behaviors"))
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Tracks Behaviors"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ TracksBehaviorsPrefsFactory::TracksBehaviorsPrefsFactory()
 {
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *TracksBehaviorsPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *TracksBehaviorsPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew TracksBehaviorsPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew TracksBehaviorsPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.h b/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.h
index 68b9b0ee1..85394c11a 100644
--- a/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/TracksBehaviorsPrefs.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class TracksBehaviorsPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   TracksBehaviorsPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   TracksBehaviorsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~TracksBehaviorsPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class TracksBehaviorsPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
    explicit TracksBehaviorsPrefsFactory();
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.cpp
index e51ebfc9a..7ea2c1467 100644
--- a/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.cpp
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ namespace {
 }
 
 
-TracksPrefs::TracksPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
+TracksPrefs::TracksPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
 /* i18n-hint: "Tracks" include audio recordings but also other collections of
  * data associated with a time line, such as sequences of labels, and musical
  * notes */
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Tracks"))
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Tracks"))
 {
    // Bugs 1043, 1044
    // First rewrite legacy preferences
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ wxString TracksPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Tracks_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *TracksPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *TracksPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew TracksPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew TracksPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.h b/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.h
index 45e7fc60d..76120e1ad 100644
--- a/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/TracksPrefs.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class TracksPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   TracksPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   TracksPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~TracksPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ class TracksPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class TracksPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.cpp
index 92bcb8f87..122e4718c 100644
--- a/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-WarningsPrefs::WarningsPrefs(wxWindow * parent)
-:  PrefsPanel(parent, _("Warnings"))
+WarningsPrefs::WarningsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid)
+:  PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Warnings"))
 {
    Populate();
 }
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ wxString WarningsPrefs::HelpPageName()
    return "Warnings_Preferences";
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *WarningsPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *WarningsPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew WarningsPrefs(parent);
+   return safenew WarningsPrefs(parent, winid);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.h b/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.h
index 0ea36a8c4..c342eacee 100644
--- a/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/WarningsPrefs.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ShuttleGui;
 class WarningsPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
  public:
-   WarningsPrefs(wxWindow * parent);
+   WarningsPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid);
    ~WarningsPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    wxString HelpPageName() override;
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ class WarningsPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 class WarningsPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.cpp b/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.cpp
index 8513866c6..862134f4a 100644
--- a/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.cpp
+++ b/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.cpp
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ Paul Licameli
 #include "../ShuttleGui.h"
 #include "../WaveTrack.h"
 
-WaveformPrefs::WaveformPrefs(wxWindow * parent, WaveTrack *wt)
+WaveformPrefs::WaveformPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid, WaveTrack *wt)
 /* i18n-hint: A waveform is a visual representation of vibration */
-: PrefsPanel(parent, _("Waveforms"))
+: PrefsPanel(parent, winid, _("Waveforms"))
 , mWt(wt)
 , mPopulating(false)
 {
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ WaveformPrefsFactory::WaveformPrefsFactory(WaveTrack *wt)
 {
 }
 
-PrefsPanel *WaveformPrefsFactory::Create(wxWindow *parent)
+PrefsPanel *WaveformPrefsFactory::operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   return safenew WaveformPrefs(parent, mWt);
+   return safenew WaveformPrefs(parent, winid, mWt);
 }
diff --git a/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.h b/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.h
index 3a561c777..ac8de1a91 100644
--- a/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.h
+++ b/src/prefs/WaveformPrefs.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class wxChoice;
 class WaveformPrefs final : public PrefsPanel
 {
 public:
-   WaveformPrefs(wxWindow * parent, WaveTrack *wt);
+   WaveformPrefs(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID winid, WaveTrack *wt);
    virtual ~WaveformPrefs();
    bool Commit() override;
    bool ShowsPreviewButton() override;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class WaveformPrefsFactory final : public PrefsPanelFactory
 {
 public:
    explicit WaveformPrefsFactory(WaveTrack *wt = 0);
-   PrefsPanel *Create(wxWindow *parent) override;
+   PrefsPanel *operator () (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid) override;
 
 private:
    WaveTrack *const mWt;
diff --git a/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.cpp
index 555e6208e..271257b44 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.cpp
@@ -129,12 +129,13 @@ void ControlToolBar::Create(wxWindow * parent)
 
 // This is a convenience function that allows for button creation in
 // MakeButtons() with fewer arguments
-AButton *ControlToolBar::MakeButton(teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
+AButton *ControlToolBar::MakeButton(ControlToolBar *pBar,
+                                    teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
                                     int id,
                                     bool processdownevents,
                                     const wxChar *label)
 {
-   AButton *r = ToolBar::MakeButton(this,
+   AButton *r = ToolBar::MakeButton(pBar,
       bmpRecoloredUpLarge, bmpRecoloredDownLarge, bmpRecoloredUpHiliteLarge, bmpRecoloredHiliteLarge,
       eEnabledUp, eEnabledDown, eDisabled,
       wxWindowID(id),
@@ -170,10 +171,10 @@ void ControlToolBar::Populate()
    SetBackgroundColour( theTheme.Colour( clrMedium  ) );
    MakeButtonBackgroundsLarge();
 
-   mPause = MakeButton(bmpPause, bmpPause, bmpPauseDisabled,
+   mPause = MakeButton(this, bmpPause, bmpPause, bmpPauseDisabled,
       ID_PAUSE_BUTTON,  true,  _("Pause"));
 
-   mPlay = MakeButton( bmpPlay, bmpPlay, bmpPlayDisabled,
+   mPlay = MakeButton(this, bmpPlay, bmpPlay, bmpPlayDisabled,
       ID_PLAY_BUTTON, true, _("Play"));
    MakeAlternateImages(*mPlay, 1, bmpLoop, bmpLoop, bmpLoopDisabled);
    MakeAlternateImages(*mPlay, 2,
@@ -184,16 +185,16 @@ void ControlToolBar::Populate()
                        bmpSeek, bmpSeek, bmpSeekDisabled);
    mPlay->FollowModifierKeys();
 
-   mStop = MakeButton( bmpStop, bmpStop, bmpStopDisabled ,
+   mStop = MakeButton(this, bmpStop, bmpStop, bmpStopDisabled ,
       ID_STOP_BUTTON, false, _("Stop"));
 
-   mRewind = MakeButton(bmpRewind, bmpRewind, bmpRewindDisabled,
+   mRewind = MakeButton(this, bmpRewind, bmpRewind, bmpRewindDisabled,
       ID_REW_BUTTON, false, _("Skip to Start"));
 
-   mFF = MakeButton(bmpFFwd, bmpFFwd, bmpFFwdDisabled,
+   mFF = MakeButton(this, bmpFFwd, bmpFFwd, bmpFFwdDisabled,
       ID_FF_BUTTON, false, _("Skip to End"));
 
-   mRecord = MakeButton(bmpRecord, bmpRecord, bmpRecordDisabled,
+   mRecord = MakeButton(this, bmpRecord, bmpRecord, bmpRecordDisabled,
       ID_RECORD_BUTTON, false, _("Record"));
 
    bool bPreferNewTrack;
diff --git a/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.h b/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.h
index 0ab7088b4..897871ee1 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.h
+++ b/src/toolbars/ControlToolBar.h
@@ -120,7 +120,9 @@ class ControlToolBar final : public ToolBar {
 
  private:
 
-   AButton *MakeButton(teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
+   static AButton *MakeButton(
+      ControlToolBar *pBar,
+      teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
       int id,
       bool processdownevents,
       const wxChar *label);
diff --git a/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.cpp
index 5c7f33c2e..83ae6f59b 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.cpp
@@ -98,14 +98,15 @@ void EditToolBar::AddSeparator()
 /// MakeButtons() with fewer arguments
 /// Very similar to code in ControlToolBar...
 AButton *EditToolBar::AddButton(
+   EditToolBar *pBar,
    teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
    int id,
    const wxChar *label,
    bool toggle)
 {
-   AButton *&r = mButtons[id];
+   AButton *&r = pBar->mButtons[id];
 
-   r = ToolBar::MakeButton(this,
+   r = ToolBar::MakeButton(pBar,
       bmpRecoloredUpSmall, bmpRecoloredDownSmall, bmpRecoloredUpHiliteSmall, bmpRecoloredHiliteSmall,
       eEnabledUp, eEnabledDown, eDisabled,
       wxWindowID(id),
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ AButton *EditToolBar::AddButton(
 // JKC: Unlike ControlToolBar, does not have a focus rect.  Shouldn't it?
 // r->SetFocusRect( r->GetRect().Deflate( 4, 4 ) );
 
-   Add( r, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER );
+   pBar->Add( r, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER );
 
    return r;
 }
@@ -129,28 +130,28 @@ void EditToolBar::Populate()
 
    /* Buttons */
    // Tooltips slightly more verbose than the menu entries are.
-   AddButton(bmpCut, bmpCut, bmpCutDisabled, ETBCutID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpCut, bmpCut, bmpCutDisabled, ETBCutID,
       _("Cut selection"));
-   AddButton(bmpCopy, bmpCopy, bmpCopyDisabled, ETBCopyID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpCopy, bmpCopy, bmpCopyDisabled, ETBCopyID,
       _("Copy selection"));
-   AddButton(bmpPaste, bmpPaste, bmpPasteDisabled, ETBPasteID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpPaste, bmpPaste, bmpPasteDisabled, ETBPasteID,
       _("Paste"));
-   AddButton(bmpTrim, bmpTrim, bmpTrimDisabled, ETBTrimID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTrim, bmpTrim, bmpTrimDisabled, ETBTrimID,
       _("Trim audio outside selection"));
-   AddButton(bmpSilence, bmpSilence, bmpSilenceDisabled, ETBSilenceID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpSilence, bmpSilence, bmpSilenceDisabled, ETBSilenceID,
       _("Silence audio selection"));
 
    AddSeparator();
 
-   AddButton(bmpUndo, bmpUndo, bmpUndoDisabled, ETBUndoID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpUndo, bmpUndo, bmpUndoDisabled, ETBUndoID,
       _("Undo"));
-   AddButton(bmpRedo, bmpRedo, bmpRedoDisabled, ETBRedoID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpRedo, bmpRedo, bmpRedoDisabled, ETBRedoID,
       _("Redo"));
 
    AddSeparator();
 
 #ifdef OPTION_SYNC_LOCK_BUTTON
-   AddButton(bmpSyncLockTracksUp, bmpSyncLockTracksDown, bmpSyncLockTracksUp, ETBSyncLockID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpSyncLockTracksUp, bmpSyncLockTracksDown, bmpSyncLockTracksUp, ETBSyncLockID,
                _("Sync-Lock Tracks"), true);
 
    AddSeparator();
@@ -158,17 +159,17 @@ void EditToolBar::Populate()
 
    // Tooltips match menu entries.
    // We previously had longer tooltips which were not more clear.
-   AddButton(bmpZoomIn, bmpZoomIn, bmpZoomInDisabled, ETBZoomInID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpZoomIn, bmpZoomIn, bmpZoomInDisabled, ETBZoomInID,
       _("Zoom In"));
-   AddButton(bmpZoomOut, bmpZoomOut, bmpZoomOutDisabled, ETBZoomOutID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpZoomOut, bmpZoomOut, bmpZoomOutDisabled, ETBZoomOutID,
       _("Zoom Out"));
-   AddButton(bmpZoomSel, bmpZoomSel, bmpZoomSelDisabled, ETBZoomSelID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpZoomSel, bmpZoomSel, bmpZoomSelDisabled, ETBZoomSelID,
       _("Zoom to Selection"));
-   AddButton(bmpZoomFit, bmpZoomFit, bmpZoomFitDisabled, ETBZoomFitID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpZoomFit, bmpZoomFit, bmpZoomFitDisabled, ETBZoomFitID,
       _("Fit to Width"));
 
 #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ZOOM_TOGGLE_BUTTON
-   AddButton(bmpZoomToggle, bmpZoomToggle, bmpZoomToggleDisabled, ETBZoomToggleID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpZoomToggle, bmpZoomToggle, bmpZoomToggleDisabled, ETBZoomToggleID,
       _("Zoom Toggle"));
 #endif
 
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ void EditToolBar::Populate()
 
 #if defined(EXPERIMENTAL_EFFECTS_RACK)
    AddSeparator();
-   AddButton(bmpEditEffects, bmpEditEffects, bmpEditEffects, ETBEffectsID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpEditEffects, bmpEditEffects, bmpEditEffects, ETBEffectsID,
       _("Show Effects Rack"), true);
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.h b/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.h
index 6718bcb27..8eba5a155 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.h
+++ b/src/toolbars/EditToolBar.h
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ class EditToolBar final : public ToolBar {
 
  private:
 
-   AButton *AddButton(teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
+   static AButton *AddButton(
+      EditToolBar *pBar,
+      teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
       int id, const wxChar *label, bool toggle = false);
 
    void AddSeparator();
diff --git a/src/toolbars/MixerToolBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/MixerToolBar.cpp
index be425875c..4b377923e 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/MixerToolBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/MixerToolBar.cpp
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ void MixerToolBar::Populate()
                           wxID_ANY,
                           theTheme.Bitmap(bmpMic)), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER);
    mInputSlider = safenew ASlider(this, wxID_ANY, _("Recording Volume"),
-                              wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(130, 25));
-   mInputSlider->SetScroll(0.1f, 2.0f);
+                              wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(130, 25),
+                              ASlider::Options{}.Line( 0.1f ).Page( 2.0f ));
    mInputSlider->SetName(_("Slider Recording"));
    Add(mInputSlider, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER);
 
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ void MixerToolBar::Populate()
                           wxID_ANY,
                           theTheme.Bitmap(bmpSpeaker)), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER);
    mOutputSlider = safenew ASlider(this, wxID_ANY, _("Playback Volume"),
-                               wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(130, 25));
-   mOutputSlider->SetScroll(0.1f, 2.0f);
+                               wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(130, 25),
+                               ASlider::Options{}.Line( 0.1f ).Page( 2.0f ));
    mOutputSlider->SetName(_("Slider Playback"));
    Add(mOutputSlider, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER);
 
diff --git a/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.cpp
index 4340e24af..0255ac703 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.cpp
@@ -76,15 +76,16 @@ void ScrubbingToolBar::Create(wxWindow * parent)
 /// MakeButtons() with fewer arguments
 /// Very similar to code in ControlToolBar...
 AButton *ScrubbingToolBar::AddButton
-(teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
+(ScrubbingToolBar *pBar,
+ teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
  int id,
  const wxChar *label,
  bool toggle)
 {
-   AButton *&r = mButtons[id];
+   AButton *&r = pBar->mButtons[id];
 
    r = ToolBar::MakeButton
-   (this,
+   (pBar,
     bmpRecoloredUpSmall, bmpRecoloredDownSmall, bmpRecoloredUpHiliteSmall, bmpRecoloredHiliteSmall,
     eEnabledUp, eEnabledDown, eDisabled,
     wxWindowID(id),
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ AButton *ScrubbingToolBar::AddButton
    // JKC: Unlike ControlToolBar, does not have a focus rect.  Shouldn't it?
    // r->SetFocusRect( r->GetRect().Deflate( 4, 4 ) );
 
-   Add( r, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER );
+   pBar->Add( r, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER );
 
    return r;
 }
@@ -107,11 +108,11 @@ void ScrubbingToolBar::Populate()
    MakeButtonBackgroundsSmall();
 
    /* Buttons */
-   AddButton(bmpScrub, bmpScrub, bmpScrubDisabled, STBScrubID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpScrub, bmpScrub, bmpScrubDisabled, STBScrubID,
              _("Scrub"), true);
-   AddButton(bmpSeek, bmpSeek, bmpSeekDisabled, STBSeekID,
+   AddButton(this, bmpSeek, bmpSeek, bmpSeekDisabled, STBSeekID,
              _("Seek"), true);
-   AddButton(bmpToggleScrubRuler, bmpToggleScrubRuler, bmpToggleScrubRuler,
+   AddButton(this, bmpToggleScrubRuler, bmpToggleScrubRuler, bmpToggleScrubRuler,
              STBRulerID,
              _("Scrub Ruler"), true);
 
diff --git a/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.h b/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.h
index 24f94c78c..5fb44bd9d 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.h
+++ b/src/toolbars/ScrubbingToolBar.h
@@ -56,8 +56,10 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
-   AButton *AddButton(teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
-                      int id, const wxChar *label, bool toggle = false);
+   static AButton *AddButton(
+      ScrubbingToolBar *pBar,
+      teBmps eEnabledUp, teBmps eEnabledDown, teBmps eDisabled,
+      int id, const wxChar *label, bool toggle = false);
 
    void MakeButtons();
 
diff --git a/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp
index 16f89fbf7..72b5ad5f1 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/SelectionBar.cpp
@@ -205,10 +205,9 @@ auStaticText * SelectionBar::AddTitle( const wxString & Title, wxSizer * pSizer
 NumericTextCtrl * SelectionBar::AddTime( const wxString Name, int id, wxSizer * pSizer ){
    wxString formatName = mListener ? mListener->AS_GetSelectionFormat() 
       : wxString(wxEmptyString);
-   NumericTextCtrl * pCtrl = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
-      NumericConverter::TIME, this, id, formatName, 0.0, mRate);
+   auto pCtrl = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
+      this, id, NumericConverter::TIME, formatName, 0.0, mRate);
    pCtrl->SetName(Name);
-   pCtrl->EnableMenu();
    pSizer->Add(pCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_TOP | wxRIGHT, 5);
    return pCtrl;
 }
diff --git a/src/toolbars/SpectralSelectionBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/SpectralSelectionBar.cpp
index ad5666798..2c2aa7b8d 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/SpectralSelectionBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/SpectralSelectionBar.cpp
@@ -166,31 +166,39 @@ void SpectralSelectionBar::Populate()
       auto subSizer = std::make_unique<wxBoxSizer>(wxHORIZONTAL);
 
       mCenterCtrl = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
-         NumericConverter::FREQUENCY, this, OnCenterID, frequencyFormatName, 0.0);
-      mCenterCtrl->SetInvalidValue(SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency);
+         this, OnCenterID,
+         NumericConverter::FREQUENCY, frequencyFormatName, 0.0, 44100.0,
+         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+            .InvalidValue( true, SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency )
+      );
       mCenterCtrl->SetName(_("Center Frequency:"));
-      mCenterCtrl->EnableMenu();
       subSizer->Add(mCenterCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, 5);
 
       mWidthCtrl = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
-         NumericConverter::BANDWIDTH, this, OnWidthID, bandwidthFormatName, 0.0);
-      mWidthCtrl->SetInvalidValue(-1.0);
+         this, OnWidthID,
+         NumericConverter::BANDWIDTH, bandwidthFormatName, 0.0, 44100.0,
+         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+            .InvalidValue( true, -1.0 )
+      );
       mWidthCtrl->SetName(wxString(_("Bandwidth:")));
-      mWidthCtrl->EnableMenu();
       subSizer->Add(mWidthCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, 5);
 
       mLowCtrl = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
-         NumericConverter::FREQUENCY, this, OnLowID, frequencyFormatName, 0.0);
-      mLowCtrl->SetInvalidValue(SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency);
+         this, OnLowID,
+         NumericConverter::FREQUENCY, frequencyFormatName, 0.0, 44100.0,
+         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+            .InvalidValue( true, SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency )
+      );
       mLowCtrl->SetName(_("Low Frequency:"));
-      mLowCtrl->EnableMenu();
       subSizer->Add(mLowCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, 5);
 
       mHighCtrl = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
-         NumericConverter::FREQUENCY, this, OnHighID, frequencyFormatName, 0.0);
-      mHighCtrl->SetInvalidValue(SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency);
+         this, OnHighID,
+         NumericConverter::FREQUENCY, frequencyFormatName, 0.0, 44100.0,
+         NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+            .InvalidValue( true, SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency )
+      );
       mHighCtrl->SetName(wxString(_("High Frequency:")));
-      mHighCtrl->EnableMenu();
       subSizer->Add(mHighCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, 5);
 
       mCenterCtrl->Show(mbCenterAndWidth);
diff --git a/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.cpp
index 445e6d119..9de3061fc 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.cpp
@@ -155,10 +155,11 @@ void ToolsToolBar::UpdatePrefs()
    ToolBar::UpdatePrefs();
 }
 
-AButton * ToolsToolBar::MakeTool( teBmps eTool,
+AButton * ToolsToolBar::MakeTool(
+   ToolsToolBar *pBar, teBmps eTool,
    int id, const wxChar *label)
 {
-   AButton *button = ToolBar::MakeButton(this,
+   AButton *button = ToolBar::MakeButton(pBar,
       bmpRecoloredUpSmall, 
       bmpRecoloredDownSmall, 
       bmpRecoloredUpHiliteSmall, 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ AButton * ToolsToolBar::MakeTool( teBmps eTool,
       wxDefaultPosition, true,
       theTheme.ImageSize( bmpRecoloredUpSmall ));
    button->SetLabel( label );
-   mToolSizer->Add( button );
+   pBar->mToolSizer->Add( button );
    return button;
 }
 
@@ -180,12 +181,12 @@ void ToolsToolBar::Populate()
    Add(mToolSizer = safenew wxGridSizer(2, 3, 1, 1));
 
    /* Tools */
-   mTool[ selectTool   ] = MakeTool( bmpIBeam, selectTool, _("Selection Tool") );
-   mTool[ envelopeTool ] = MakeTool( bmpEnvelope, envelopeTool, _("Envelope Tool") );
-   mTool[ drawTool     ] = MakeTool( bmpDraw, drawTool, _("Draw Tool") );
-   mTool[ zoomTool     ] = MakeTool( bmpZoom, zoomTool, _("Zoom Tool") );
-   mTool[ slideTool    ] = MakeTool( bmpTimeShift, slideTool, _("Slide Tool") );
-   mTool[ multiTool    ] = MakeTool( bmpMulti, multiTool, _("Multi Tool") );
+   mTool[ selectTool   ] = MakeTool( this, bmpIBeam, selectTool, _("Selection Tool") );
+   mTool[ envelopeTool ] = MakeTool( this, bmpEnvelope, envelopeTool, _("Envelope Tool") );
+   mTool[ drawTool     ] = MakeTool( this, bmpDraw, drawTool, _("Draw Tool") );
+   mTool[ zoomTool     ] = MakeTool( this, bmpZoom, zoomTool, _("Zoom Tool") );
+   mTool[ slideTool    ] = MakeTool( this, bmpTimeShift, slideTool, _("Slide Tool") );
+   mTool[ multiTool    ] = MakeTool( this, bmpMulti, multiTool, _("Multi Tool") );
 
    mTool[mCurrentTool]->PushDown();
 
diff --git a/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.h b/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.h
index 77bc116bd..3a5a2b2dc 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.h
+++ b/src/toolbars/ToolsToolBar.h
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ class ToolsToolBar final : public ToolBar {
 
    void RegenerateTooltips() override;
    wxImage *MakeToolImage(wxImage *tool, wxImage *mask, int style);
-   AButton *MakeTool(teBmps eTool, int id, const wxChar *label);
+   static AButton *MakeTool(
+      ToolsToolBar *pBar, teBmps eTool, int id, const wxChar *label);
 
    AButton *mTool[numTools];
    wxGridSizer *mToolSizer;
diff --git a/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.cpp b/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.cpp
index f6ad84f15..0e9b8a977 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.cpp
+++ b/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.cpp
@@ -137,13 +137,14 @@ void TranscriptionToolBar::Create(wxWindow * parent)
 /// MakeButtons() with fewer arguments
 /// Very similar to code in ControlToolBar...
 AButton *TranscriptionToolBar::AddButton(
+   TranscriptionToolBar *pBar,
    teBmps eFore, teBmps eDisabled,
    int id,
    const wxChar *label)
 {
-   AButton *&r = mButtons[id];
+   AButton *&r = pBar->mButtons[id];
 
-   r = ToolBar::MakeButton(this,
+   r = ToolBar::MakeButton(pBar,
       bmpRecoloredUpSmall, bmpRecoloredDownSmall, bmpRecoloredUpHiliteSmall,bmpRecoloredHiliteSmall,
       eFore, eFore, eDisabled,
       wxWindowID(id),
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ AButton *TranscriptionToolBar::AddButton(
 // JKC: Unlike ControlToolBar, does not have a focus rect.  Shouldn't it?
 // r->SetFocusRect( r->GetRect().Deflate( 4, 4 ) );
 
-   Add( r, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER );
+   pBar->Add( r, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER );
 
    return r;
 }
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ void TranscriptionToolBar::Populate()
 // Very similar to code in EditToolBar
    MakeButtonBackgroundsSmall();
 
-   AddButton(bmpPlay,     bmpPlayDisabled,   TTB_PlaySpeed,
+   AddButton(this, bmpPlay,     bmpPlayDisabled,   TTB_PlaySpeed,
       _("Play at selected speed"));
    MakeAlternateImages(bmpLoop, bmpLoopDisabled, TTB_PlaySpeed, 1);
    MakeAlternateImages(bmpCutPreview, bmpCutPreviewDisabled, TTB_PlaySpeed, 2);
@@ -186,15 +187,18 @@ void TranscriptionToolBar::Populate()
    //Add a slider that controls the speed of playback.
    const int SliderWidth=100;
    mPlaySpeedSlider = safenew ASlider(this,
-                                  TTB_PlaySpeedSlider,
-                                  _("Playback Speed"),
-                                  wxDefaultPosition,
-                                  wxSize(SliderWidth,25),
-                                  SPEED_SLIDER);
+      TTB_PlaySpeedSlider,
+      _("Playback Speed"),
+      wxDefaultPosition,
+      wxSize(SliderWidth,25),
+      ASlider::Options{}
+         .Style( SPEED_SLIDER )
+         //  6 steps using page up/down, and 60 using arrow keys
+         .Line( 0.16667f )
+         .Page( 0.16667f )
+   );
    mPlaySpeedSlider->Set(mPlaySpeed / 100.0);
    mPlaySpeedSlider->SetLabel(_("Playback Speed"));
-   //  6 steps using page up/down, and 60 using arrow keys
-   mPlaySpeedSlider->SetScroll(0.16667f, 1.6667f);
    Add( mPlaySpeedSlider, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER );
    mPlaySpeedSlider->Connect(wxEVT_SET_FOCUS,
                  wxFocusEventHandler(TranscriptionToolBar::OnFocus),
@@ -209,23 +213,23 @@ void TranscriptionToolBar::Populate()
 // If we need these strings translated, then search and replace
 // TRANSLATBLE by _ and remove this #define.
 #define TRANSLATABLE( x ) wxT( x )
-   AddButton(bmpTnStartOn,     bmpTnStartOnDisabled,  TTB_StartOn,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnStartOn,     bmpTnStartOnDisabled,  TTB_StartOn,
       TRANSLATABLE("Adjust left selection to next onset"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnEndOn,       bmpTnEndOnDisabled,   TTB_EndOn,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnEndOn,       bmpTnEndOnDisabled,   TTB_EndOn,
       TRANSLATABLE("Adjust right selection to previous offset"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnStartOff,    bmpTnStartOffDisabled,  TTB_StartOff,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnStartOff,    bmpTnStartOffDisabled,  TTB_StartOff,
       TRANSLATABLE("Adjust left selection to next offset"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnEndOff,      bmpTnEndOffDisabled,    TTB_EndOff,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnEndOff,      bmpTnEndOffDisabled,    TTB_EndOff,
       TRANSLATABLE("Adjust right selection to previous onset"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnSelectSound, bmpTnSelectSoundDisabled, TTB_SelectSound,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnSelectSound, bmpTnSelectSoundDisabled, TTB_SelectSound,
       TRANSLATABLE("Select region of sound around cursor"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnSelectSilence, bmpTnSelectSilenceDisabled, TTB_SelectSilence,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnSelectSilence, bmpTnSelectSilenceDisabled, TTB_SelectSilence,
       TRANSLATABLE("Select region of silence around cursor"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnAutomateSelection,   bmpTnAutomateSelectionDisabled,  TTB_AutomateSelection,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnAutomateSelection,   bmpTnAutomateSelectionDisabled,  TTB_AutomateSelection,
       TRANSLATABLE("Automatically make labels from words"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnMakeTag, bmpTnMakeTagDisabled,  TTB_MakeLabel,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnMakeTag, bmpTnMakeTagDisabled,  TTB_MakeLabel,
       TRANSLATABLE("Add label at selection"));
-   AddButton(bmpTnCalibrate, bmpTnCalibrateDisabled, TTB_Calibrate,
+   AddButton(this, bmpTnCalibrate, bmpTnCalibrateDisabled, TTB_Calibrate,
       TRANSLATABLE("Calibrate voicekey"));
 
    mSensitivitySlider = safenew ASlider(this,
diff --git a/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.h b/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.h
index d49a2b35f..d2ea3c661 100644
--- a/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.h
+++ b/src/toolbars/TranscriptionToolBar.h
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ class TranscriptionToolBar final : public ToolBar {
  private:
 
    void InitializeTranscriptionToolBar();
-   AButton *AddButton(
+   static AButton *AddButton(
+      TranscriptionToolBar *pBar,
       teBmps eFore, teBmps eDisabled,
       int id,
       const wxChar *label);
diff --git a/src/widgets/ASlider.cpp b/src/widgets/ASlider.cpp
index 071b624c2..b98e66815 100644
--- a/src/widgets/ASlider.cpp
+++ b/src/widgets/ASlider.cpp
@@ -215,9 +215,8 @@ SliderDialog::SliderDialog(wxWindow * parent, wxWindowID id,
                             title,
                             wxDefaultPosition,
                             size,
-                            style,
-                            false);
-      mSlider->SetScroll(line, page);
+                            ASlider::Options{}
+                               .Style( style ).Line( line ).Page( page ) );
       S.AddWindow(mSlider, wxEXPAND);
    }
    S.EndVerticalLay();
@@ -1557,11 +1556,7 @@ ASlider::ASlider( wxWindow * parent,
                   const wxString &name,
                   const wxPoint & pos,
                   const wxSize & size,
-                  int style,
-                  bool popup,
-                  bool canUseShift,
-                  float stepValue,
-                  int orientation /*= wxHORIZONTAL*/)
+                  const Options &options)
 : wxPanel( parent, id, pos, size, wxWANTS_CHARS )
 {
    //wxColour Col(parent->GetBackgroundColour());
@@ -1571,23 +1566,25 @@ ASlider::ASlider( wxWindow * parent,
                              name,
                              wxPoint(0,0),
                              size,
-                             style,
-                             canUseShift,
-                             popup,
-                             orientation);
-   mLWSlider->mStepValue = stepValue;
+                             options.style,
+                             options.canUseShift,
+                             options.popup,
+                             options.orientation);
+   mLWSlider->mStepValue = options.stepValue;
    mLWSlider->SetId( id );
    SetName( name );
 
    mSliderIsFocused = false;
 
-   mStyle = style;
+   mStyle = options.style;
 
    mTimer.SetOwner(this);
 
 #if wxUSE_ACCESSIBILITY
    SetAccessible( safenew ASliderAx( this ) );
 #endif
+
+   mLWSlider->SetScroll( options.line, options.page );
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/widgets/ASlider.h b/src/widgets/ASlider.h
index e2e6d1002..9cfe3c5cb 100644
--- a/src/widgets/ASlider.h
+++ b/src/widgets/ASlider.h
@@ -244,16 +244,35 @@ class ASlider /* not final */ : public wxPanel
    friend class ASliderAx;
 
  public:
+   struct Options {
+      Options() {}
+
+      int style{ FRAC_SLIDER };
+      wxOrientation orientation{ wxHORIZONTAL };
+      bool popup{ true };
+      bool canUseShift{ true };
+      float stepValue{ STEP_CONTINUOUS };
+
+      float line{ 1.0 };
+      float page{ 5.0 };
+
+      Options& Style( int s ) { style = s; return *this; }
+      Options& Orientation( wxOrientation o )
+         { orientation = o; return *this; }
+      Options& Popup( bool p ) { popup = p; return *this; }
+      Options& CanUseShift( bool c ) { canUseShift = c; return *this; }
+      Options& StepValue( float v ) { stepValue = v; return *this; }
+
+      Options& Line( float l ) { line = l; return *this; }
+      Options& Page( float p ) { page = p; return *this; }
+   };
+
    ASlider( wxWindow * parent,
             wxWindowID id,
             const wxString &name,
             const wxPoint & pos,
             const wxSize & size,
-            int style = FRAC_SLIDER,
-            bool popup = true,
-            bool canUseShift = true,
-            float stepValue = STEP_CONTINUOUS,
-            int orientation = wxHORIZONTAL);
+            const Options &options = Options{});
    virtual ~ASlider();
 
    bool AcceptsFocus() const override { return s_AcceptsFocus; }
diff --git a/src/widgets/Grid.cpp b/src/widgets/Grid.cpp
index d0aab59bb..e411a7919 100644
--- a/src/widgets/Grid.cpp
+++ b/src/widgets/Grid.cpp
@@ -44,16 +44,17 @@ NumericEditor::~NumericEditor()
 void NumericEditor::Create(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, wxEvtHandler *handler)
 {
    wxASSERT(parent); // to justify safenew
-   auto control = safenew NumericTextCtrl(mType, parent,
-                                wxID_ANY,
-                                mFormat,
-                                mOld,
-                                mRate,
-                                wxDefaultPosition,
-                                wxDefaultSize,
-                                true);
-   if (mType == NumericTextCtrl::FREQUENCY)
-      control->SetInvalidValue(SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency);
+   auto control = safenew NumericTextCtrl(
+      parent, wxID_ANY,
+      mType,
+      mFormat,
+      mOld,
+      mRate,
+      NumericTextCtrl::Options{}
+         .AutoPos(true)
+         .InvalidValue(mType == NumericTextCtrl::FREQUENCY,
+                       SelectedRegion::UndefinedFrequency)
+   );
    m_control = control;
 
    wxGridCellEditor::Create(parent, id, handler);
@@ -174,14 +175,13 @@ void NumericRenderer::Draw(wxGrid &grid,
 
       table->GetValue(row, col).ToDouble(&value);
 
-      NumericTextCtrl tt(mType, &grid,
-                      wxID_ANY,
+      NumericTextCtrl tt(&grid, wxID_ANY,
+                      mType,
                       ne->GetFormat(),
                       value,
                       ne->GetRate(),
-                      wxPoint(10000, 10000),  // create offscreen
-                      wxDefaultSize,
-                      true);
+                      NumericTextCtrl::Options{}.AutoPos(true),
+                      wxPoint(10000, 10000));  // create offscreen
       tstr = tt.GetString();
 
       ne->DecRef();
@@ -231,14 +231,13 @@ wxSize NumericRenderer::GetBestSize(wxGrid &grid,
    if (ne) {
       double value;
       table->GetValue(row, col).ToDouble(&value);
-      NumericTextCtrl tt(mType, &grid,
-                      wxID_ANY,
+      NumericTextCtrl tt(&grid, wxID_ANY,
+                      mType,
                       ne->GetFormat(),
                       value,
                       ne->GetRate(),
-                      wxPoint(10000, 10000),  // create offscreen
-                      wxDefaultSize,
-                      true);
+                      NumericTextCtrl::Options{}.AutoPos(true),
+                      wxPoint(10000, 10000));  // create offscreen
       sz = tt.GetSize();
 
       ne->DecRef();
diff --git a/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.cpp b/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.cpp
index ab732aa16..7617e0d02 100644
--- a/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.cpp
+++ b/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.cpp
@@ -1239,22 +1239,21 @@ END_EVENT_TABLE()
 
 IMPLEMENT_CLASS(NumericTextCtrl, wxControl)
 
-NumericTextCtrl::NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::Type type,
-                           wxWindow *parent,
-                           wxWindowID id,
+NumericTextCtrl::NumericTextCtrl(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
+                           NumericConverter::Type type,
                            const wxString &formatName,
                            double timeValue,
                            double sampleRate,
+                           const Options &options,
                            const wxPoint &pos,
-                           const wxSize &size,
-                           bool autoPos):
+                           const wxSize &size):
    wxControl(parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxWANTS_CHARS),
    NumericConverter(type, formatName, timeValue, sampleRate),
    mBackgroundBitmap{},
    mDigitFont{},
    mLabelFont{},
    mLastField(1),
-   mAutoPos(autoPos)
+   mAutoPos(options.autoPos)
    , mType(type)
 {
    mAllowInvalidValue = false;
@@ -1262,8 +1261,8 @@ NumericTextCtrl::NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::Type type,
    mDigitBoxW = 10;
    mDigitBoxH = 16;
 
-   mReadOnly = false;
-   mMenuEnabled = true;
+   mReadOnly = options.readOnly;
+   mMenuEnabled = options.menuEnabled;
    mButtonWidth = 9;
 
    Layout();
@@ -1282,6 +1281,15 @@ NumericTextCtrl::NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::Type type,
    SetName(wxT(""));
    SetAccessible(safenew NumericTextCtrlAx(this));
 #endif
+
+   if (options.hasInvalidValue)
+      SetInvalidValue( options.invalidValue );
+
+   if (!options.format.empty())
+      SetFormatString( options.format );
+
+   if (options.hasValue)
+      SetValue( options.value );
 }
 
 NumericTextCtrl::~NumericTextCtrl()
diff --git a/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.h b/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.h
index 258217c05..c38cca5fb 100644
--- a/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.h
+++ b/src/widgets/NumericTextCtrl.h
@@ -145,15 +145,36 @@ class NumericTextCtrl final : public wxControl, public NumericConverter
  public:
    DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(NumericTextCtrl)
 
-   NumericTextCtrl(NumericConverter::Type type,
-                   wxWindow *parent,
-                   wxWindowID id,
+   struct Options {
+      bool autoPos { false };
+      bool readOnly { false };
+      bool menuEnabled { true };
+      bool hasInvalidValue { false };
+      double invalidValue { -1.0 };
+      wxString format {};
+      bool hasValue { false };
+      double value{ -1.0 };
+
+      Options() {}
+
+      Options &AutoPos (bool value) { autoPos = value; return *this; }
+      Options &ReadOnly (bool value) { readOnly = value; return *this; }
+      Options &MenuEnabled (bool value) { menuEnabled = value; return *this; }
+      Options &InvalidValue (bool has, double value = -1.0)
+         { hasInvalidValue = has, invalidValue = value; return *this; }
+      Options &Format (const wxString &value) { format = value; return *this; }
+      Options &Value (bool has, double v)
+         { hasValue = has, value = v; return *this; }
+   };
+
+   NumericTextCtrl(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID winid,
+                   NumericConverter::Type type,
                    const wxString &formatName = wxEmptyString,
                    double value = 0.0,
                    double sampleRate = 44100,
+                   const Options &options = {},
                    const wxPoint &pos = wxDefaultPosition,
-                   const wxSize &size = wxDefaultSize,
-                   bool autoPos = false);
+                   const wxSize &size = wxDefaultSize);
 
    virtual ~NumericTextCtrl();
 
diff --git a/src/widgets/Ruler.cpp b/src/widgets/Ruler.cpp
index d84223648..c07ef628d 100644
--- a/src/widgets/Ruler.cpp
+++ b/src/widgets/Ruler.cpp
@@ -1606,10 +1606,37 @@ END_EVENT_TABLE()
 IMPLEMENT_CLASS(RulerPanel, wxPanelWrapper)
 
 RulerPanel::RulerPanel(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id,
+                       wxOrientation orientation,
+                       const wxSize &bounds,
+                       const Range &range,
+                       Ruler::RulerFormat format,
+                       const wxString &units,
+                       const Options &options,
                        const wxPoint& pos /*= wxDefaultPosition*/,
                        const wxSize& size /*= wxDefaultSize*/):
    wxPanelWrapper(parent, id, pos, size)
 {
+   ruler.SetBounds( 0, 0, bounds.x, bounds.y );
+   ruler.SetOrientation(orientation);
+   ruler.SetRange( range.first, range.second );
+   ruler.SetLog( options.log );
+   ruler.SetFormat(format);
+   ruler.SetUnits( units );
+   ruler.SetFlip( options.flip );
+   ruler.SetLabelEdges( options.labelEdges );
+   ruler.mbTicksAtExtremes = options.ticksAtExtremes;
+   if (orientation == wxVERTICAL) {
+      wxCoord w;
+      ruler.GetMaxSize(&w, NULL);
+      SetMinSize(wxSize(w, 150));  // height needed for wxGTK
+   }
+   else if (orientation == wxHORIZONTAL) {
+      wxCoord h;
+      ruler.GetMaxSize(NULL, &h);
+      SetMinSize(wxSize(wxDefaultCoord, h));
+   }
+   if (options.hasTickColour)
+      ruler.SetTickColour( options.tickColour );
 }
 
 RulerPanel::~RulerPanel()
diff --git a/src/widgets/Ruler.h b/src/widgets/Ruler.h
index 76934757b..531a14bb8 100644
--- a/src/widgets/Ruler.h
+++ b/src/widgets/Ruler.h
@@ -245,7 +245,41 @@ class AUDACITY_DLL_API RulerPanel final : public wxPanelWrapper {
    DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(RulerPanel)
 
  public:
+   using Range = std::pair<double, double>;
+
+   struct Options {
+      bool log { false };
+      bool flip { false };
+      bool labelEdges { false };
+      bool ticksAtExtremes { false };
+      bool hasTickColour{ false };
+      wxColour tickColour;
+
+      Options() {}
+
+      Options &Log( bool l )
+      { log = l; return *this; }
+
+      Options &Flip( bool f )
+      { flip = f; return *this; }
+
+      Options &LabelEdges( bool l )
+      { labelEdges = l; return *this; }
+
+      Options &TicksAtExtremes( bool t )
+      { ticksAtExtremes = t; return *this; }
+
+      Options &TickColour( const wxColour c )
+      { tickColour = c; hasTickColour = true; return *this; }
+   };
+
    RulerPanel(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id,
+              wxOrientation orientation,
+              const wxSize &bounds,
+              const Range &range,
+              Ruler::RulerFormat format,
+              const wxString &units,
+              const Options &options = {},
               const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
               const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize);